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The effects of PM10 on electrocardiogram parameters, blood pressure and oxidative stress in healthy rats: the protective effects of vanillic acid

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Abstract

Particulate matter (PM) inhalation is an established trigger of cardiovascular events such as cardiac arrhythmias that occur within hours to days after exposure. Higher daily PM levels are related to acute increases in systemic arterial blood pressure (BP). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of PM10 on electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters, blood pressure, lipid peroxidation (MDA), xanthine oxidase, and antioxidant enzyme in healthy rats and also to examine the protective effects of vanillic acid (VA) in this respect. Eighty male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups (n = 10), namely control (normal saline, gavage), VAc (10 mg/kg), sham (normal saline, intratracheal instillation), VA (10 mg/kg VA, 10 days gavage +0.1 ml normal saline, intratracheal instillation), PM1 (0.5 mg/kg), PM2 (2.5 mg/kg), PM3 (5 mg/kg), PM3 + VA (5 mg/kg, intratracheal instillation + 10 mg/kg VA, 10 days, gavage) groups. The rats were anesthetized and 0.1 ml of saline as well as a certain concentration of PM10 was instilled into the trachea and it was repeated after 48 h, then 30 min after that, PR interval, QTc, and systolic blood pressure were measured. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, xanthine oxidase (XOX), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in plasma by special Kits. A significant increase in blood pressure (BP), PR interval, QTc, MDA, and XOX and a significant decrease in antioxidant enzyme (CAT, SOD, and GPx) occurred in PM10 groups. Vanillic acid ameliorated blood pressure, QTc, PR interval, XOX, MDA, and increased antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPx) significantly. In the present study, it was shown that PM10 had devastating effects on the heart and blood pressure, probably due to the increased oxidative stress in healthy rats. Vanillic acid could improve the symptoms of PM10 exposure and can be used as an antioxidant agent against the harmful effects of PM10.

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Abbreviations

PM:

particulate matter

PM10 :

particles with aerodynamic diameter < 10 μm

VA:

vanillic acid

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

CAT:

catalase

SOD:

superoxide dismutase

GPx:

glutathione peroxidase

XOX:

xanthine oxidase

BP:

blood pressure

CVD:

cardiovascular disease

MDA:

malondialdehyde

ECG:

electrocardiogram

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Acknowledgment

The source of data used in this paper was from the Ph.D. thesis of Mrs. Esmat Radmanesh, a student of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Authors gratefully acknowledge the help and financial support of Physiology Research Center of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (No. ajums APRC-9316).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Physiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Mahin Dianat, Esmat Radmanesh, Mohammad Badavi & Seyyed Ali Mard

  2. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Gholamreza Goudarzi

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  1. Mahin Dianat
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  2. Esmat Radmanesh
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  3. Mohammad Badavi
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  4. Gholamreza Goudarzi
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  5. Seyyed Ali Mard
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Correspondence to Esmat Radmanesh.

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

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Dianat, M., Radmanesh, E., Badavi, M. et al. The effects of PM10 on electrocardiogram parameters, blood pressure and oxidative stress in healthy rats: the protective effects of vanillic acid. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 19551–19560 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7168-1

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