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Estimating internal P loading in a deep water reservoir of northern China using three different methods

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Abstract

Much attention had been paid to reducing external loading of nutrients to improve water quality, while internal loading from sediment, which has been largely neglected, is also an important source for water eutrophication. The internal load in deep lakes or reservoirs is not easy to be detected and be quantified. In this study, three different methods (mass balance method, Fick’s law, and regression equation) were combined to calculate the gross or/and net P release from sediment using limited data. Our results indicated that (1) the methods of mass balance and regression equation give similar results of sediment P release rate, with values of 0.889 and 0.902 mg m2 d−1, respectively, while the result of Fick’s law was much lower (0.400 mg m2 d−1); (2) Hot periods of sediment releasing were suggested to occur from March to April and from August to September, which correspond to periods of high risks of algae blooms. The remaining months of the year were shown as net nutrient retention; (3) for the whole region, Baihedam and Chaohekuqu were identified as zones with a higher possibility to release P from sediment. (4) P loading to the Miyun Reservoir was greater in the inflow than in the outflow, suggesting a portion of the inflow P load was retained in the water or sediment; hence, release of sediment P may continue to be a major source of phosphorus in the future.

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Acknowledgments

This research was funded by RCEES “One-Three-Five” project (No. YSW2013B02-4) and the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment in China (No. 2014ZX07203010) and the Special Scientific Research of State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology (NO. SKLURE2013-1-05). We would like thank Huimin Fu, Xiaoming Yang, Qian Zhao, and Juan Chen for their supports during the sampling and experiment processes. We would also like to thank Dr. Pei Lei, Dr. Hongtao Zhao and Dr. Yan Jiang for their efforts on improving our manuscript.

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Beijing, 100085, China

    Lihuan Qin, Qinghui Zeng, Wangshou Zhang & Xuyong Li

  2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Lihuan Qin, Qinghui Zeng & Wangshou Zhang

  3. Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University, Muskegon, MI, 49441, USA

    Alan D. Steinman

  4. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39056, USA

    Xinzhong Du

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  1. Lihuan Qin
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  2. Qinghui Zeng
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Qin, L., Zeng, Q., Zhang, W. et al. Estimating internal P loading in a deep water reservoir of northern China using three different methods. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 18512–18523 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7035-0

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