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Influence of suspended particles on the emission of organophosphate flame retardant from insulation boards

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Abstract

The influence of the presence of the so-called seed particles on the emission rate of Tris (1-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP) from polyisocyanurate (PIR) insulation boards was investigated in this study. Two Field and Laboratory Emission Test cells (FLEC) were placed on the surface of the same PIR board and respectively supplied with clean air (reference FLEC) and air containing laboratory-generated soot particles (test FLEC). The behavior of the area-specific emission rates (SER A ) over a time period of 10 days was studied by measuring the total (gas + particles) concentrations of TCIPP at the exhaust of each FLEC. The estimated SER A of TCIPP from the PIR board at the quasi-static equilibrium were found to be 0.82 μg m−2 h−1 in the absence of seed particles, while the addition of soot particles led to SER A of 2.16 μg m−2 h−1. This indicates an increase of the SER A of TCIPP from the PIR board with a factor of 3 in the presence of soot particles. The TCIPP partition coefficient to soot particles at the quasi-static equilibrium was 0.022 ± 0.012 m3 μg−1. In the next step, the influence of real-life particles on TCIPP emission rates was investigated by supplying the test FLEC with air from a professional kitchen where mainly frying and baking activities took place. Similar to the reference FLEC outcomes, SER A was also found to increase in this real-life experiment over a time period of 20 days by a factor 3 in the presence of particles generated during cooking activities. The median value of estimated particle–gas coefficient for this test was 0.062 ± 0.037 m3 μg−1.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support from the “Inflame” project, funded by the 7th EU Framework Program (contract 164600) under the Theme People-2010-ITN.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Risk and Health Unit, VITO, Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium

    Borislav Lazarov, Rudi Swinnen, David Poelmans, Maarten Spruyt, Eddy Goelen & Marianne Stranger

  2. Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium

    Adrian Covaci

Authors
  1. Borislav Lazarov
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  2. Rudi Swinnen
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  3. David Poelmans
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  4. Maarten Spruyt
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  5. Eddy Goelen
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  6. Adrian Covaci
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  7. Marianne Stranger
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Correspondence to Borislav Lazarov.

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Responsible editor: Constantini Samara

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Lazarov, B., Swinnen, R., Poelmans, D. et al. Influence of suspended particles on the emission of organophosphate flame retardant from insulation boards. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 17183–17190 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6886-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6886-8

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