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Biomarkers assessment in the peacock blenny Salaria pavo exposed to cadmium

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Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic metals and is widely distributed in freshwater and marine environments. It has received much attention from a toxicological perspective. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Cd in the peacock blenny Salaria pavo, a species of the family of blennies that was used as bioindicator of water pollution. We performed a sublethal contamination of fish to 2 mg CdCl2 L−1 during 1, 4, 10, and 15 days. Cd accumulation was measured in gills and liver and displayed a significant increase of its concentration throughout the experiment, with slightly higher levels in the liver, except after 4 days. Partial-length cDNA of mt1, mt2, mnsod, cuznsod, cat, and gpx were characterized. Results from mRNA expression levels displayed an up-regulation of mt2 and mnsod. Biomarker activities were determined in gills and liver. In gills, data displayed an inhibition of EROD and GST activities. Cd exposure significantly increased GPx activities but did not affect CAT levels throughout the experiment. No LPO induction was observed in gills of exposed fish. Regarding the liver, the activity of all enzymes and MDA levels increased significantly from the beginning of the experiment except EROD that increased after 15 days of contamination only. At the histological level, fish exhibited pathological symptoms in gills and liver with a predominance of circulatory disturbances in gills and regressive changes in the liver. Our results displayed that peacock blennies are able to survive Cd toxicity due to various physiological adaptation mechanisms.

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Acknowledgments

Research has been partially financed by the BIOLIVAL Laboratory, Higher Institute of Biotechnology, Monastir, Tunisia. The authors thank all the staff of the National Institute of Science and Technology of the Sea (Monastir/TUNISIA) for their help during the contamination experiment. Special thanks to Dr. Robert Mandiki, Steven Joosen, Marie-Claire Forget, and Brigitte Moreau for their assistance during the analyses.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bioressources: Integrative Biology and Valuation (BIOLIVAL), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Hadded, BP 74, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia

    Azza Naïja & Ahmed Noureddine Helal

  2. EA2160 Mer Molécules Santé, LUNAM, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, University of Le Mans, Le Mans, France

    Justine Marchand & Benoit Chénais

  3. Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), University of Namur (FUNDP), Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium

    Patrick Kestemont

  4. Research Unit of Genetic, Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine, Avenue Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia

    Zohra Haouas

  5. Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium

    Ronny Blust

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  1. Azza Naïja
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Naïja, A., Marchand, J., Kestemont, P. et al. Biomarkers assessment in the peacock blenny Salaria pavo exposed to cadmium. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 16296–16312 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6754-6

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