Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Lycopene ameliorates atrazine-induced oxidative damage in adrenal cortex of male rats by activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Atrazine (ATZ) is one of the most commonly used herbicides contaminating plants, soil and water resources. Several strategies have been used to counteract ATZ toxicity. Here, we tested the hypothesis that lycopene could ameliorate ATZ-induced toxicity in the adrenal cortex. For this purpose, 35 adult male albino rats were randomized into five equal groups: untreated control, vehicle control (received 0.5 mL corn oil/day), lycopene (treated with lycopene dissolved in 0.5 mL corn oil, 10 mg/kg b.w./day), ATZ (received ATZ dissolved in 0.5 mL corn oil 300 mg/kg b.w./day), and ATZ + lycopene (treated with ATZ and lycopene at the same previously mentioned doses). All treatments were given by oral gavage for 4 weeks. We found that ATZ exposure significantly increased relative adrenal weight, plasma ACTH levels, and adrenal oxidative stress as manifested by elevated malondialdehyde levels, decreased reduced glutathione content and depressed antioxidant enzyme activities in adrenal cortex tissues with respect to control groups. Furthermore, the transcription of adrenal cortex nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), nuclear factor kappa B, and caspase-3 genes was increased significantly compared with the control groups. This was accompanied with DNA fragmentation and structural and ultrastructural changes in zona glomerulosa and zona fasiculata of the adrenal cortex. Notably, all these changes were partially ameliorated in rats treated concomitantly with ATZ and lycopene. Our results showed that lycopene exerts protective effects against ATZ-induced toxicity in rat adrenal cortex. These effects may be attributed to the antioxidative property of lycopene and its ability to activate the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abarikwu SO, Adesiyan AC, Oyeloja TO, Oyeyemi MO, Farombi EO (2010) Changes in sperm characteristics and induction of oxidative stress in the testis and epididymis of experimental rats by an herbicide, atrazine. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 58(3):874–882

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abarikwu SO, Pant AB, Farombi EO (2013) Quercetin decreases steroidogenic enzyme activity NF-kB expression, and oxidative stress in cultured Leydig cells exposed to atrazine. Mol Cell Biochem 373(1–2):19–28

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abarikwu SO, Farombi EO (2015) Atrazine induces apoptosis of SH-SY5Y human neuoblastoma cells via the regulation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-3 dependent pathway. Pestic Biochem Physiol 118:90–98

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abarikwu SO, Duru QC, Chinonso OV, Njoku RC (2016) Antioxidant enzymes activity, lipid peroxidation, oxidative damage in the testis and epididymis, and steroidogenesis in rats after co-exposure to atrazine and ethanol. Andrologia. doi:10.1111/and.12478

  • Adesiyan AC, Oyejola TO, Abarikwa SO (2011) Selenium provides protection to the liver but not the reproductive organs in an atrazine model of experimental toxicity. Exp Toxicol Pathol 63(3):201–207

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aebi H (1984) Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymol 105:121–126

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Akbaraly NT, Faure H, Gourlet V, Favier A, Berr C (2007) Plasma carotenoid levels and cognitive performance in an elderly population: results of the EVA study. J Gerontol Biol Sci Med Sci 62(3):308–316

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Astort F, Mercau M, Giodanino E, Degese MS, Caldareri L, Coso O, Cymeryng CB (2014) Nitric oxide sets off an antioxidant response in adrenal cells: involvement of sGC and Nrf2 in HO-1 induction. Nitric Oxide 15(37):1–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ayache J, Beaunier L, Boumendil J, Ehret G, Laub D (2010) Sample preparation handbook for transmission electron microscopy techniques, vol 2. Springer, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bagchi D, Bagchi M, Hassoun EA, Stohs SJ (1995) In vitro and in vivo generation of reactive oxygen species, DNA damage and lactate dehydrogenase leakage by selected pesticides. Toxicology 104(1–3):129–140

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bashmurin AF (1974) Toxicity of atrazine for animals. Sb Rab Leningr Vet Inst 36:5–7

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bast A, Haenen GR, van den Berg R, van den Berg H (1998) Antioxidant effects of carotenoids. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 68(6):399–403

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhatti JS, Sidhu IP, Bhatti GK (2011) Ameliorative action of melatonin on oxidative damage induced by atrazine toxicity in rat erythrocytes. Mol Cell Biochem 353(1–2):139–149

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beutler E, Duron O, Kelly MB (1963) Improved method for the determination of blood glutathione. J Lab Clin Med 61:882–888

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bramley PM (2000) Is lycopene beneficial to human health? Phytochemistry 54(3):233–236

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brandhonneur N, De Sousa Mendes M, Lepvrier E, Flejou Esseiva E, Chevanne F, Le Corre P (2015) A micro-QuEChERS method coupled to GC-MS for the quantification of pesticides in specific maternal and fetal tissues. J Pharm Biomed Anal 104:90–96

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cadet J, Bellon S, Douki T, Frelon S, Gasparutto D, Muller E, Pouget JP, Ravanat JL, Romieu A, Sauvaigo S (2004) Radiation induced DNA damage: formation, measurement, and biochemical features. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 23(1):33–43

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cavas T (2011) In vivo genotoxicity evaluation of atrazine and atrazine-based herbicide on fish Carassius auratus using the micronucleus test and the comet assay. Food and Chem Toxicol 49(6):1431–1435

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng G, Zhu L, Mahato RI (2008) Caspase-3 gene silencing for inhibiting apoptosis in insulinoma cells and human islets. Mol Pharm 5(6):1093–1102

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper RL, Stoker TE, Tyrey L, Goldman JM, McElroy WK (2000) Atrazine disrupts the hypothalamic control of pituitary-ovarian function. Toxicol Sci 53(2):297–307

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dai C, Tang S, Deng S, Zhang S, Zhou Y, Velkov T, Li J, Xiao X (2015) Lycopene attenuates colistin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice via activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 59(1):579–585

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dias MC, Vieiralves NFL, Gomes MIFV, Salvadori DMF, Rodrigues MAM, Barbisan LF (2010) Effects of lycopene, synbiotic and their association on early biomarkers of rat colon carcinogenesis. Food Chem Toxicol 48(3):772–780

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dong X, Zhu L, Wang J, Wang J, Xie H, Hou X, Jia W (2009) Effects of atrazine on cytochrome P450 enzymes of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Chemosphere 77(3):404–412

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ecobichon DJ (2001) Toxic effects of pesticides. In: Klaassen CD (ed) Casarett and Doull’s toxicology: the basic science of poisons, 6th edn. McGraw-Hill, New York, p 790

    Google Scholar 

  • Elkhateeb SA, Mazen NF, Ibrahim OY, Abdel-Fattah NR (2014) Assessment of the protective role of vitamin E in atrazine toxicity on the testis of adult albino rats: a histologic and biochemical study. Egyptian J Histology 37(3):442–452

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • El-Saad AA, Ibrahim MM, Hazani AA, El-Gaaly GA (2015) Lycopene attenuates dichlorvos-induced oxidative damage and hepatotoxicity in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol. pii: 0960327115597981

  • Feng D, Ling WH, Duan RD (2010) Lycopene suppresses LPS-induced NO and IL-6 production by inhibiting the activation of ERK, p38MAPK, and NF-kappaB in macrophages. Inflamm Res 59(2):115–121

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gozzelino R, Jeney V, Soares MP (2010) Mechanisms of cell protection by heme oxygenase-1. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 50:323–354

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gunasekera RS, Sewgobind K, Desai S, Dunn L, Black HS, McKeehan WL, Patil B (2007) Lycopene and lutein inhibit proliferation in rat prostate carcinoma cells. Nutr Cancer 58(2):171–177

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall PF (1995) The roles of microfilaments and intermediate filaments in the regulation of steroid synthesis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 55(5–6):601–605

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hauswirth JW, Wetzel LT (1998) Toxicity characteristics of the 2-chlorotriazines, atrazine, and simazine. In: Ballentine LG, McFarland JE, Hackett DS (eds) Triazine herbicides risk assessment. American Chemical Society, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  • He M, Pan H, Chang RC, So KF, Brecha NC, Pu M (2014) Activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway contributes to the protective effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides in the rodent retina after ischemia reperfusion-induced damage. PLoS One 9(1):e84800

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heber D, Lu Q (2002) Overview of mechanisms of action of lycopene. Exp Biol Med 227(10):920–923

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hotchkiss MG, Best DS, Cooper RL, Laws SC (2012) Atrazine does not induce pica behavior at doses that increase hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation and cause conditioned taste avoidance. Neurotoxicol Teratol 34(3):295–302

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hsiao G, Fong TH, Tzu NH, Lin KH, Chou DS, Sheu JR (2004) A potent antioxidant, lycopene, affords neuroprotection against microglia activation and focal cerebral ischemia in rats. In Vivo 18(3):351–356

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hussain R, Mahmood F, Khan MZ, Khan A, Muhammad F (2011) Pathological and genotoxic effects of atrazine in male Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Ecotoxicology 20:1–8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jonker D, Kuper CF, Frail N, Estrella A, Rodrigues Otero C (2003) Ninety-day oral toxicity study of lycopene from Blakeslea trispora in rats. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 37:396–406

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Katagi T (2010) Bioconcentration, bioaccumulation and metabolism of pesticides in aquatic organisms. In: Whitacre DM (ed) Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology. Springer, NewYork, pp 1–132

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelkel M, Schumacher M, Dicato M, Diederich M (2011) Antioxidant and anti-proliferative properties of lycopene. Free Radic Res 45(8):925–940

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kiernan JA (2008) Histological and histochemical methods: theory and practice, 4th edn. Scion Publishing Ltd, Bloxham, pp 12–174

    Google Scholar 

  • Kobayashi A, Ohta T, Yamamoto M (2004) Unique function of the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway in the inducible expression of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes. Methods Enzymol 378:273–286

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laws SC, Hotchkiss M, Ferrell J, Jayaraman S, Mills L, Modic W, Tinfo N, Fraites M, Stoker T, Cooper R (2009) Chlorotriazine herbicides and metabolites activate an ACTH-dependent release of corticosterone in male Wistar rats. Toxicol Sci 112(1):78–87

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lim S, Ahn SY, Song IC, Chung MH, Jang HC, Park KS, Lee KU, Pak YK, Lee HK (2009) Chronic exposure to the herbicide, atrazine, causes mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance. PLoS One 4(4):e5186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu CC, Huang CC, Lin WT, Hsieh CC, Huang S, Lin S, Yang S (2005) Lycopene supplementation attenuated xanthine oxidase and myeloperoxidase activities in skeletal muscle tissues of rats after exhaustive exercise. Br J Nutr 94(4):595–601

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu W, Du Y, Liu J, Wang H, Sun D, Liang D, Zhao L, Shang J (2014) Effects of atrazine on the oxidative damage of kidney in Wister rats. Int J Clin Exp Med 7(10):3235–3243

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loeffler M, Kroemer G (2000) The mitochondrion in cell death control: certainties and incognita. Exp Cell Res 256(1):19–26

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mansour SA, Mossa AT, Heikal TM (2009) Effects of methomyl on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in rat erythrocytes: in vitro studies. Toxicol Ind Health 25(8):557–563

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mazarakis N, Kontogeorgos G, Kovacs K, Horvath E, Borboli N, Piaditis G (2001) Composite somatotroph-ACTH immune-reactive pituitary adenoma with transformation of hyperplasia to adenoma. Pituitary 4(4):215–221

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mekkawy IAA, Hussein SY, Abd El-Nasser M, Ahmed SM (1996) Comparative studies on the effects of herbicide atrazine on some blood constituents and protein electrophoretic patterns of Oreochromis niloticus and Chrysichthys auratus at Assiut, Egypt. J Egyptian-German Soc Zool 19:283–319

    Google Scholar 

  • Mekkawy IAA, Mahmoud UM, Mohammed RH (2013) Protective effects of tomato paste and vitamin E on atrazine induced haematological and biochemical characteristics of Clarias gariepinus (Bruchell, 1822). Global Advanced Res J Environ Sci Toxicol 12(1):011–021

    Google Scholar 

  • Mudiam MKR, Pathak SP, Gopal K, Murthy RC (2012) Studies on urban drinking water quality in a tropical zone. Environ Monit Assess 184(1):461–469

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Narotsky MG, Best DS, Guidici DL, Cooper RL (2001) Strain comparisons of atrazine-induced pregnancy loss in the rat. Reprod Toxicol 15:61–69

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nishikimi M, Roa NA, Yogi K (1972) Colorimetric determination of superoxide dismutase in tissues. Biochem Bioph Res Common 46:849–854

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K (1979) Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem 95(2):351–358

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paglia DE, Valentine WN (1967) Studies on the quantitative and qualitative characterization of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. J Lab Clin Med 70(1):158–169

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pal R, Ahmed T, Kumar V, Suke SG, Ray A, Banerjee BD (2009) Protective effects of different antioxidants against endosulfan-induced oxidative stress and immunotoxicity in albino rats. Indian J Exp Biol 47:723–729

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pfaffl MW (2001) A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR. Nucleic Acids Res 29(9):e45

  • Pogrmic K, Fa S, Dakic V, Kaisarevic S, Kovacevic R (2009) Atrazine oral exposure of peripubertal male rats downregulates steroidogenesis gene expression in Leydig cells. Toxicol Sci 111(1):189–197

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Porter AG, Jȁnicke RU (1999) Emerging role of caspase-3 in apoptosis. Cell Death Differ 6(2):99–104

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Possamai FP, Fortunato JJ, Feier G, Agostinho FR, Quevedo J, Wilhelm Filho D, Dal-Pizzol F (2007) Oxidative stress after acute and sub-chronic malathion intoxication in Wistar rats. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 23:198–204

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raina R, Verma PK, Pankaj NK, Prawez S (2009) Induction of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in rats chronically exposed to cypermethrin through dermal application. J Vet Sci 10:257–259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rao AV, Rao LG (2007) Carotenoids and human health. Pharmaco Res 55(3):207–216

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rencuzogullari N, Erdogan S (2007) Oral administration of lycopene reverses cadmium-suppressed body weight loss and lipid peroxidation in rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 118(2):175–183

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Riso P, Visioli F, Grande S, Guarnieri S, Gardana C, Simonetti P, Porrini M (2006) Effect of a tomato-based drink on markers of inflammation, immunomodulation, and oxidative stress. J Agric Food Chem 54(7):2563–2566

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sabbagh L, Bourbonnière M, Sékaly RP, Cohen LY (2005) Selective up-regulation of caspase-3 gene expression following TCR engagement. Mol Immunol 42(11):1345–1354

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sahin K, Tuzcu M, Sahin N, Ali S, Kucuk O (2010) Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway may be the prime target for chemoprevention of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by lycopene. Food Chem Toxicol 48(10):2670–2674

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salehi F, Vidal S, Horvath E, Kovacs K, Scheithauer BW (2010) Tumors in the adenohypophysis. In: Lloyd RV (ed) Endocrine pathology, 2nd edn. Springer, New York, pp 73–89

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Saraste A, Pulkki K (2000) Morphologic and biochemical hallmarks of apoptosis. Cardiovasc Res 45(3):528–537

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sellins KS, Cohen JJ (1987) Gene induction by gamma-irradiation leads to DNA fragmentation in lymphocytes. J Immunol 139(10):3199–3206

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Severi-Aguiar GD, Silva-Zacarin EC (2012) Effects of herbicide atrazine in experimental animal models. In: Hasaneen MN (ed) Herbicides—properties, synthesis and control of weeds, pp. 285–296. INTECH Open Access Publisher. Available from: http://www.intechopen.com.

  • Sharma RK, Fulia A, Chauhan PK (2012) Antioxidant attenuation of atrazine induced histopathological changes in testicular tissue of goat in vitro. Toxicol Int 19(3):260–266

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shata FYH, Eldebaky HAA, Abd El Hameed AR (2014) Effects of camphor on hepatic enzymes, steroids and antioxidant capacity of male rats intoxicated with atrazine. Middle-East J Sci Res 22(4):553–560

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh M, Sandhir R, Kiran R (2008a) Atrazine-induced alterations in rat erythrocyte membranes: ameliorating effect of vitamin E. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 22(5):363–369

  • Singh M, Kaur P, Sandhir R, Kiran R (2008b) Protective effects of vitamin E against atrazine-induced genotoxicity in rats. Mutat Res 654(2):145–149

  • Singh M, Sandhir R, Kiran R (2010) Oxidative stress induced by atrazine in rat erythrocytes: mitigating effect of vitamin E. Toxicol Mech Methods 20(3):119–126

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh M, Sandhir R, Kiran R (2011) Effects on antioxidant status of liver following atrazine exposure and its attenuation by vitamin E. Exp Toxicol Pathol 63(3):269–276

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sokoloski L, Borges M, Bagatin E (2015) Lycopene not in pill, nor in natura has photoprotective systemic effect. Arch Dermatol Res 307(6):545–549

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens JT, Sumner DD (1991) Herbicides. In: Hayes WJ, Laws ER (eds) Handbook of pesticide toxicology, vol 3. Academic, New York, pp 1317–1408

    Google Scholar 

  • Sun CC, Li SJ, Yang CL, Xue RL, Xi YY, Wang L, Zhao QL, Li DJ (2015) Sulforaphane attenuate muscle inflammation in dystrophin-deficient mice via NF-E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated inhibition of NFkβ signalling pathway. J Biol Chem 290(29):17784–17795

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tang FY, Cho HJ, Pai MH, Chen YH (2009) Concomitant supplementation of lycopene and eicosapentaenoic acid inhibits the proliferation of human colon cancer cells. J Nutr Biochem 20(6):426–434

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tennant MK, Hill DS, Eldridge JC, Wetzel LT, Breckenridge CB, Stevens JT (1994) Possible antiestrogenic properties of chloro-s-triazines in rat uterus. J Toxicol Environ Health 43(2):183–196

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tokaç M, Aydin S, Taner G, Özkardeş AB, Yavuz Taşlipinar M, Doğan M, Dündar HZ, Kiliç M, Başaran AA, Başaran AN (2015) Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of lycopene in acute cholestasis. Turk J Med Sci 45(4):857–864

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Türk G, Ateşşahin A, Sönmez M, Yüce A, Ceribaşi AO (2007) Lycopene protects against cyclosporine A-induced testicular toxicity in rats. Endocrin 67(4):778–785

    Google Scholar 

  • Türk G, Ceribaşi AO, Sakin F, Sönmez M, Ateşşahin A (2010) Antiperoxidative and anti-apoptotic effects of lycopene and ellagic acid on cyclophosphamide-induced testicular lipid peroxidation and apoptosis. Reprod Fertil Dev 22(4):587–596

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ulrich-Lai YM, Figueiredo HF, Ostrander MM, Choi DC, Engeland WC, Herman JP (2006) Chronic stress induces adrenal hyperplasia and hypertrophy in a subregion-specific manner. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 291(5):E965–E973

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vahouny GV, Chanderbhan R, Noland BJ, Scallen TJ (1985) Cholesterol ester hydrolase and sterol carrier proteins. Endocrin Res 10(3–4):473–505

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Victor-Costa AB, Bandeira SM, Oliveira AG, Mahecha GA, Oliveira CA (2010) Changes in testicular morphology and steroidogenesis in adult rats exposed to atrazine. Reprod Toxicol 29(3):323–331

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yonar ME (2013) Protective effect of lycopene on oxidative stress and antioxidant status Cyprinus carpio during cypermethrin exposure. Environ Toxicol 28(11):609–616

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yucel Y, Tabur S, Gozeneli O, Kocarslan S, Seker A, Buyukaslan H, Şavik E, Aktumen A, Ozgonul A, Uzunkoy A, Aksoy N (2015) The effects of lycopene on intestinal injury due to methotrexate in rats. Redox Rep. doi:10.1179/1351000215Y.0000000041PMID:26359686

  • Zaya RM, Amini Z, Whitaker AS, Ide CF (2011) Exposure to atrazine affects the expression of key genes in metabolic pathways integral to energy homeostasis in Xenopus laevis tadpoles. Aquat Toxicol 104:254–262

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao F, Li K, Zhao L, Liu J, Suo Q, Zhao J, Wang H, Zhao S (2014) Effect of Nrf2 on rat ovarian tissues against atrazine-induced anti-oxidative response. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 7(6):2780–2789

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu C, Wang X, Hagberg H, Blomgern K (2000) Correlation between caspase-3 activation and three different markers of DNA damage in neonatal cerebral hypoxia-ischemia. J Neurochem 75(2):819–828

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We are indebted to all contributors in this paper.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

    Marwa Ahmed Abass & Shereen Ahmed Elkhateeb

  2. Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

    Samia Adel Abd EL-Baset, Asmaa Alhosiny Kattaia & Eman Mosallam Mohamed

  3. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

    Hebatallah Husseini Atteia

Authors
  1. Marwa Ahmed Abass
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Shereen Ahmed Elkhateeb
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Samia Adel Abd EL-Baset
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Asmaa Alhosiny Kattaia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Eman Mosallam Mohamed
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Hebatallah Husseini Atteia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hebatallah Husseini Atteia.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Additional information

Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Abass, M.A., Elkhateeb, S.A., Abd EL-Baset, S.A. et al. Lycopene ameliorates atrazine-induced oxidative damage in adrenal cortex of male rats by activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 15262–15274 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6637-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6637-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation