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Ultrasound based AOP for emerging pollutants: from degradation to mechanism

  • AOPs: Recent Advances to Overcome Barriers in the Treatment of Water, Wastewater and Air
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Abstract

Ultrasound is known to degrade organic compounds by pyrolysis and by the reaction of free radicals. In this work, sonolytic degradation of an identified water pollutant, coomassie brilliant blue (CBB), has been carried out in pure water as well as in river water. In the case of pure water, 90 % degradation was obtained after 30 min of sonication (350 kHz frequency, 60 W power), whereas in river water, the same efficiency was achieved only after 90 min. The degradation was also performed in the presence of varying concentration of (10–100 mg L−1) inorganic ions such as chloride, sulfate, nitrate, bicarbonate, and carbonate ions which were detected in the river water sample. Higher concentration of chloride enhanced the degradation due to the salting out mechanism. The enhancement of degradation in the presence of nitrate is mainly due to the change in the surface potential at the interface of the cavitating bubble. Bicarbonate ion and carbonate ion enhanced the degradation due to the involvement of carbonate radicals. A possible degradation mechanism is proposed based on the product profile determined by LC-Q-ToF-MS. The low efficiency of degradation in river water compared to that in pure water is likely due to the increased rate of bubble dissolution or escape of bubbles (degassing effect), and the scavenging of •OH by the organic content (high chemical oxygen demand (COD)).

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Acknowledgments

Financial support from Kerala State Council for Science Technology and Environment (KSCSTE) is gratefully acknowledged. CTA is thankful to DST, New Delhi (purse and FIST programmes), for partial financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, 686560, Kerala, India

    Manoj P. Rayaroth & Charuvila T. Aravindakumar

  2. Advanced Centre of Environmental Studies and Sustainable Development, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, 686560, Kerala, India

    Usha K. Aravind

  3. Inter University Instrumentation Centre, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, 686560, Kerala, India

    Charuvila T. Aravindakumar

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  1. Manoj P. Rayaroth
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  2. Usha K. Aravind
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  3. Charuvila T. Aravindakumar
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Correspondence to Charuvila T. Aravindakumar.

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Responsible editor: Santiago V. Luis

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Rayaroth, M.P., Aravind, U.K. & Aravindakumar, C.T. Ultrasound based AOP for emerging pollutants: from degradation to mechanism. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 6261–6269 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6606-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6606-4

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