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Spatially valid data of atmospheric deposition of heavy metals and nitrogen derived by moss surveys for pollution risk assessments of ecosystems

  • Recent sediments: environmental chemistry, ecotoxicology and engineering
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An Erratum to this article was published on 31 August 2016

Abstract

For analysing element input into ecosystems and associated risks due to atmospheric deposition, element concentrations in moss provide complementary and time-integrated data at high spatial resolution every 5 years since 1990. The paper reviews (1) minimum sample sizes needed for reliable, statistical estimation of mean values at four different spatial scales (European and national level as well as landscape-specific level covering Europe and single countries); (2) trends of heavy metal (HM) and nitrogen (N) concentrations in moss in Europe (1990–2010); (3) correlations between concentrations of HM in moss and soil specimens collected across Norway (1990–2010); and (4) canopy drip-induced site-specific variation of N concentration in moss sampled in seven European countries (1990–2013). While the minimum sample sizes on the European and national level were achieved without exception, for some ecological land classes and elements, the coverage with sampling sites should be improved. The decline in emission and subsequent atmospheric deposition of HM across Europe has resulted in decreasing HM concentrations in moss between 1990 and 2010. In contrast, hardly any changes were observed for N in moss between 2005, when N was included into the survey for the first time, and 2010. In Norway, both, the moss and the soil survey data sets, were correlated, indicating a decrease of HM concentrations in moss and soil. At the site level, the average N deposition inside of forests was almost three times higher than the average N deposition outside of forests.

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Notes

  1. The Quaternary Period is the current period in the geologic time scale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy. It is divided into two epochs: the Pleistocene (ca. 2.6 million years ago to ca. 12 thousand years ago) and the Holocene (ca. 12 thousand years ago to today).

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Acknowledgments

We thank the national authorities for funding the investigations and the United Kingdom Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra; contract AQ0810 and AQ0833), the UNECE (Trust Fund) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) for funding the ICP Vegetation Programme Coordination Centre at CEH Bangor, UK. Personally, we thank Oleg Blum, Maria Dam, Anatoly M. Dunaev, Katrin Hyodal and Ivan Suchara.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chair of Landscape Ecology, University of Vechta, Vechta, Germany

    Winfried Schröder, Stefan Nickel, Simon Schönrock & Michaela Meyer

  2. Institute of Statistics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany

    Werner Wosniok

  3. ICP Vegetation Programme Coordination Centre, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Swansea, UK

    Harry Harmens

  4. Moss Survey Coordination Centre, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russian Federation

    Marina V. Frontasyeva

  5. Environmental Agency of Bolzano, Laives, Italy

    Renate Alber

  6. International Sakharov Environmental University, Minsk, Belarus

    Julia Aleksiayenak

  7. Institute of physics, Faculty of Natural sciences and mathematics, University of Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia

    Lambe Barandovski

  8. University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

    Alejo Carballeira

  9. Air Pollution & Abatement Strategies, IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

    Helena Danielsson & Gunilla Pihl Karlsson

  10. Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre CODA-CERVA, Tervuren, Belgium

    Ludwig de Temmermann

  11. Władysław Szafer Institute of Botany of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland

    Barbara Godzik

  12. Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Zvonka Jeran & Mitja Skudnik

  13. University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania

    Pranvera Lazo

  14. National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France

    Sebastien Leblond

  15. Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland

    Antti-Jussi Lindroos

  16. Tallinn Botanic Garden, Tallinn, Estonia

    Siiri Liiv

  17. Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Garðabær, Iceland

    Sigurður H. Magnússon

  18. Institute of Landscape Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic

    Blanka Mankovska

  19. University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain

    Javier Martínez-Abaigar

  20. Natural Resources Institute Finland, Helsinki, Finland

    Juha Piispanen

  21. Natural Resources Institute Finland|, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

    Jarmo Poikolainen

  22. Valahia University of Targoviste, Targoviste, Romania

    Ion V. Popescu

  23. University of Vlora, Vlorë, Albania

    Flora Qarri & Claudia Stihi

  24. Jesus Miguel Santamaría University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain

    Jesus Miguel Santamaria

  25. OIKON Ltd.—Institute for Applied Ecology, Zagrebs, Croatia

    Zdravko Špirić

  26. Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia

    Trajce Stafilov

  27. Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

    Eiliv Steinnes

  28. FUB—Research Group for Environmental Monitoring, Rapperswil, Switzerland

    Lotti Thöni

  29. Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway

    Hilde Thelle Uggerud

  30. University of Vienna, Wien, Austria

    Harald G. Zechmeister

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  1. Winfried Schröder
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  2. Stefan Nickel
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  33. Claudia Stihi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Winfried Schröder.

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

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Schröder, W., Nickel, S., Schönrock, S. et al. Spatially valid data of atmospheric deposition of heavy metals and nitrogen derived by moss surveys for pollution risk assessments of ecosystems. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 10457–10476 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6577-5

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