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Spatial distribution and temporal trends of farmland soil PBDEs: processes and crop rotation effects

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Abstract

The concentration and temporal trend of PBDEs in farmland soil during a circle of crop rotation period within an e-waste dismantling area of South China were investigated. The averaged current concentration of total PBDEs in the farmland soil was averaged 19.1 ± 20.7 ng/g dry weight, which was much lower than the PBDE level in roadside soil and in topsoil near e-waste dismantling sites. Spatial distribution of total PBDEs concentration in the study area showed higher level at the field near e-waste workshops and lower at the distanced farmland area. Soil organic carbon content was significantly correlated with concentration of BDE209 (r = 0.704, p < 0.01), but not related with the sum concentration of other PBDE compounds (r = 0.097, p > 0.1). During the whole crop rotation circle, the temporal concentration of PBDEs in the farmland soil was highest (25.3 ± 11.4 ng/g dry wt.) in April when early paddy had been transplanted for 1 or 2 weeks. When the crop rotated to autumn peanut in August and the land is turning dry, the PBDEs concentration in farmland soil reached the lowest level which was 8.1 ± 1.2 ng/g dry wt. The temporal trend of PBDEs in farmland soil was not consistent with that of atmospheric PBDEs and soil total organic carbon (TOC) content during the rotation cycle. It was concluded that the dynamics of PBDEs in the farmland soil is influenced by multiple, interacting factors, and not clearly related to neither the atmospheric deposition nor the organic carbon content of the soil, but possibly related to the micro-environmental conditions changed by crop rotation process.

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Acknowledgments

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41171370, 41171373) and the China Geology Survey Project (1212011220058).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Ministry of Land and Resources for Eco-geochemistry, National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Xicheng District, 26 Baiwanzhuang Street, Beijing, 100037, China

    Xingchun Jiao, Qifeng Tang, Shu Chen, Guang Wang & Yongliang Yang

  2. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Beijing, 100101, China

    Yajia Deng & Hongying Cao

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  1. Xingchun Jiao
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  2. Qifeng Tang
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  3. Shu Chen
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  4. Yajia Deng
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  5. Hongying Cao
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  6. Guang Wang
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  7. Yongliang Yang
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Correspondence to Xingchun Jiao.

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Responsible editor: Hongwen Sun

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Jiao, X., Tang, Q., Chen, S. et al. Spatial distribution and temporal trends of farmland soil PBDEs: processes and crop rotation effects. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 13137–13146 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6442-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6442-6

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