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The use of reed canary grass and giant miscanthus in the phytoremediation of municipal sewage sludge

Environmental Science and Pollution Research volume 23, pages 9505–9517 (2016)Cite this article

Abstract

The application of municipal sewage sludge on energy crops is an alternative form of recycling nutrients, food materials, and organic matter from waste. Municipal sewage sludge constitutes a potential source of heavy metals in soil, which can be partially removed by the cultivation of energy crops. The aim of the research was to assess the effect of municipal sewage sludge on the uptake of heavy metals by monocotyledonous energy crops. Sewage sludge was applied at doses of 0, 10, 20, 40, and 60 Mg DM · ha−1 once, before the sowing of plants. In a 6-year field experiment, the effect of four levels of fertilisation with sewage sludge on the uptake of heavy metals by two species of energy crops, reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) of ‘Bamse’ cultivar and giant miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus GREEF et DEU), was analysed. It was established that the increasing doses of sewage sludge had a considerable effect on the increase in biomass yield from the tested plants. Due to the increasing doses of sewage sludge, a significant increase in heavy metals content in the energy crops was recorded. The heavy metal uptake with the miscanthus yield was the highest at a dose of 20 Mg DM · ha−1, and at a dose of 40 Mg DM · ha−1 in the case of reed canary grass. Research results indicate that on account of higher yields, higher bioaccumulation, and higher heavy metal uptake, miscanthus can be selected for the remediation of sewage sludge.

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Acknowledgments

This study was performed partially with the financial support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland, (Grant No. NN310080336) and the research results carried out within the subject No. 3101 were financed from the subsidy for science granted by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Hugo Kołłątaj University of Agriculture in Krakow, 21 Mickiewicz St, 31-120, Krakow, Poland

    Jacek Antonkiewicz

  2. Department of Industrial and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka St, 20-950, Lublin, Poland

    Barbara Kołodziej

  3. Institute of Soil Science Environment Engineering and Management, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 7 Leszczynskiego St, 20-069, Lublin, Poland

    Elżbieta Jolanta Bielińska

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  1. Jacek Antonkiewicz
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  2. Barbara Kołodziej
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  3. Elżbieta Jolanta Bielińska
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Correspondence to Jacek Antonkiewicz.

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Antonkiewicz, J., Kołodziej, B. & Bielińska, E.J. The use of reed canary grass and giant miscanthus in the phytoremediation of municipal sewage sludge. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 9505–9517 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6175-6

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Keywords

  • Reed canary grass
  • Giant miscanthus
  • Heavy metals
  • Content
  • Uptake
  • Phytoremediation
  • Sewage sludge