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Degradation of benzophenone-3 by the ozonation in aqueous solution: kinetics, intermediates and toxicity

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Abstract

Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) is a popular ultraviolet absorbing chemical and has an adverse impact on aquatic ecosystems and human health. We determined the reaction kinetic constants of BP-3 and its de-proton pattern reacting with the molecular ozone or hydroxyl radical (·OH) for the first time. The obtained constant of the molecular ozone reacting with BP-3 or BP-3− was 1.03(±0.21) × 102 or 1.85(±0.098) × 105 M−1 s−1, respectively. And, the constant for BP-3 reacting with ·OH was 9.74(±0.21) × 109 or 10.13(±0.25) × 109 M−1 s−1 as using 4-chlorobenzoic acid and benzotriazole as reference compounds, respectively. The intermediates generated in the molecular ozone (12 kinds) or ·OH oxidation (18 kinds) were identified by LC-MS/MS. The removal efficiency of BP-3 in ozonation was dependent on the initial concentration of ozone, BP-3, and matrix water quality. The detoxification of BP-3 ozonation was depended on initial ozone dose using Chlorella vulgaris as the probe. Higher ozone dose increased the toxicity of the solution for more BP-3 being degraded and more intermediates formed, suggesting that the sole ozonation is not an effect approach for the degradation of BP-3 and some other energy should be combined.

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Acknowledgments

This work was carried out with the support of the Fundamental Research Funds for  the  Central  Universities  (No.  2015ZCQ-HJ-02), Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No. 8132033), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51578520, 51378063, 41273137, and 51108030).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People’s Republic of China

    Yang Guo, Qiaoxin Lin & Fei Qi

  2. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, People’s Republic of China

    Bingbing Xu

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  1. Yang Guo
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Correspondence to Bingbing Xu or Fei Qi.

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

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Guo, Y., Lin, Q., Xu, B. et al. Degradation of benzophenone-3 by the ozonation in aqueous solution: kinetics, intermediates and toxicity. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 7962–7974 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5941-1

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