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Effectiveness of lime and peat applications on cadmium availability in a paddy soil under various moisture regimes

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Abstract

In paddy soils, amendments and moisture play important role in the immobilization of cadmium (Cd). The effects of applying lime, peat, and a combination of both on soil Eh, pH, and Cd availability in contaminated soils were investigated under wetted (80 ± 5 % of water holding capacity) and flooded (completely submerged) conditions. In wetted soils, there was little change in Eh, compared to flooded soils where Eh reduced rapidly. Amendments of lime only or in a mixture with peat increased soil pH to different degrees, depending on the lime application rate. However, peat addition only slightly affected soil pH. The decreased Cd availability in flooded soils was related to submergence duration and was significantly lower than that in wetted soils after 14 days. Liming wetted and flooded soils decreased exchangeable Cd and increased carbonates or Fe-Mn oxides bound fractions, while peat addition transformed Cd from carbonates to organic matter bound fractions. The combined application of peat and lime generally showed better inhibitory effects on the availability of Cd than separately application of lime or peat. Higher application rates of lime, peat, or their mixture were more effective at reducing Cd contamination in flooded soil. This indicates that application of peat and lime mixture under flooded conditions was most effective for in situ remediation of Cd-contaminated soils. Further studies are required to assess the long-term effectiveness of the peat and lime mixture on Cd availability in paddy soils.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41301576 and U1305232), the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (20133515120020), and Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (xjq201416).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China

    Yanhui Chen, Tuanhui Xie, Qiaofeng Liang, Mengjiao Liu, Mingliu Zhao, Mingkuang Wang & Guo Wang

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  1. Yanhui Chen
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  2. Tuanhui Xie
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  3. Qiaofeng Liang
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  4. Mengjiao Liu
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  5. Mingliu Zhao
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  6. Mingkuang Wang
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  7. Guo Wang
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Correspondence to Guo Wang.

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Responsible editor: Zhihong Xu

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Chen, Y., Xie, T., Liang, Q. et al. Effectiveness of lime and peat applications on cadmium availability in a paddy soil under various moisture regimes. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 7757–7766 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5930-4

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