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Ecotoxicological effects of sediments from Mar Piccolo, South Italy: toxicity testing with organisms from different trophic levels

  • Integrated environmental characterization of the contaminated marine coastal area of Taranto, Ionian Sea (southern Italy) - the RITMARE Project
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Abstract

The Mar Piccolo of Taranto (Ionian Sea, Southern Italy) is a semi-enclosed and strongly polluted basin. For decades, it has been subjected to different anthropogenic impacts. These stressors caused severe sediments contamination with high concentration of different pollutants (PAHs, PCB, heavy metals). In order to assess the current status of sediments contamination, an ecotoxicological investigation combined with chemical analysis (heavy metals, PAH, and PCB) has been performed. In order to derive ecologically relevant conclusions, a multiorganisms and multiend-points approach has been applied, exposing organisms from different trophic levels to elutriate and whole sediment. The battery of bioassays consists of a microalgal growth inhibition test (Dunaliella tertiolecta), acute and sublethal assays (end-points: mortality, immobilization and swimming speed alteration) on crustaceans larvae and juveniles, and rotifers (Amphibalanus amphitrite, Artemia salina, Corophium insidiosum and Brachionus plicatilis), and embryotoxicity test on echinoderms (Paracentrotus lividus). Considering the high levels of sediment contamination highlighted from chemical analysis, an unexpected very low toxic effect was observed, even considering the sublethal end-point (larval swimming speed alteration). The results of this study suggest a very complex contaminants dynamic in the Mar Piccolo sediments that, despite a strong level of contamination, seems to not affect in a proportional manner the biological compartment.

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Acknowledgments

This work has been supported by RITMARE (Ricerca Italiana per il MARE) Flagship Project, a National Research Programme funded by the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MIUR).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CNR- Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR), Arsenale-Tesa 104, Castello 2737/F, 30122, Venezia, VE, Italy

    Elisa Costa, Daniele Cassin, Margherita Botter & Francesca Garaventa

  2. CNR– Institute of Marine Science (ISMAR), Via De Marini, 6, 16149, Genova, Italy

    Veronica Piazza, Chiara Gambardella, Roberto Moresco & Marco Faimali

  3. Costa Edutainment S.p.A., Acquario di Genova, Area Porto Antico Ponte Spinola, 16128, Genova, Italy

    Roberto Moresco

  4. CNR – Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (IAMC), Via Roma 3, 74100, Taranto, Italy

    Ermelinda Prato & Francesca Biandolino

  5. CNR – Institute of Marine Science (ISMAR), via Pola 4, 71010, Lesina, FG, Italy

    Daniela Maurizio, Raffaele D’Adamo & Adele Fabbrocini

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  1. Elisa Costa
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  2. Veronica Piazza
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Correspondence to Francesca Garaventa.

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Costa, E., Piazza, V., Gambardella, C. et al. Ecotoxicological effects of sediments from Mar Piccolo, South Italy: toxicity testing with organisms from different trophic levels. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 12755–12769 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5471-x

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