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A review on progress of heavy metal removal using adsorbents of microbial and plant origin

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Abstract

Heavy metals released into the water bodies and on land surfaces by industries are highly toxic and carcinogenic in nature. These heavy metals create serious threats to all the flora and fauna due to their bioaccumulatory and biomagnifying nature at various levels of food chain. Existing conventional technologies for heavy metal removal are witnessing a downfall due to high operational cost and generation of huge quantity of chemical sludge. Adsorption by various adsorbents appears to be a potential alternative of conventional technologies. Its low cost, high efficiency, and possibility of adsorbent regeneration for reuse and recovery of metal ions for various purposes have allured the scientists to work on this technique. The present review compiles the exhaustive information available on the utilization of bacteria, algae, fungi, endophytes, aquatic plants, and agrowastes as source of adsorbent in adsorption process for removal of heavy metals from aquatic medium. During the last few years, a lot of work has been conducted on development of adsorbents after modification with various chemical and physical techniques. Adsorption of heavy metal ions is a complex process affected by operating conditions. As evident from the literature, Langmuir and Freundlich are the most widely used isotherm models, while pseudo first and second order are popularly studied kinetic models. Further, more researches are required in continuous column system and its practical application in wastewater treatment.

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Acknowledgments

Authors gratefully acknowledge all the necessary facilities provided by the Head, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University and Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), India to undertake the work. Authors also thank UGC for financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Shalini Srivastava & S. B. Agrawal

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India

    M. K. Mondal

Authors
  1. Shalini Srivastava
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  2. S. B. Agrawal
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  3. M. K. Mondal
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. K. Mondal.

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

Highlights

• The present communication highlights about various adsorbents and their potential for heavy metal adsorption from all the possible origin and their critical analysis.

• Advantages and disadvantages of various conventional wastewater treatment methods for heavy metal removal were discussed.

• Various techniques for preparation and activation of adsorbents were reviewed in details.

• Instrumental techniques and critical analysis for adsorbent characterization for heavy metal removal were also included in the manuscript.

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Srivastava, S., Agrawal, S.B. & Mondal, M.K. A review on progress of heavy metal removal using adsorbents of microbial and plant origin. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22, 15386–15415 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5278-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5278-9

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