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  • PCBs: Exposures, Effects, Remediation and Regulation with special reference to PCBs in Schools
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Review of PCBs in US schools: a brief history, an estimate of the number of impacted schools, and an approach for evaluating indoor air samples

Environmental Science and Pollution Research volume 23, pages 1975–1985 (2016)Cite this article

Abstract

PCBs in building materials such as caulks and sealants are a largely unrecognized source of contamination in the building environment. Schools are of particular interest, as the period of extensive school construction (about 1950 to 1980) coincides with the time of greatest use of PCBs as plasticizers in building materials. In the USA, we estimate that the number of schools with PCB in building caulk ranges from 12,960 to 25,920 based upon the number of schools built in the time of PCB use and the proportion of buildings found to contain PCB caulk and sealants. Field and laboratory studies have demonstrated that PCBs from both interior and exterior caulking can be the source of elevated PCB air concentrations in these buildings, at levels that exceed health-based PCB exposure guidelines for building occupants. Air sampling in buildings containing PCB caulk has shown that the airborne PCB concentrations can be highly variable, even in repeat samples collected within a room. Sampling and data analysis strategies that recognize this variability can provide the basis for informed decision making about compliance with health-based exposure limits, even in cases where small numbers of samples are taken. The health risks posed by PCB exposures, particularly among children, mandate precautionary approaches to managing PCBs in building materials.

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge support from the Harvard NIEHS Center for Environmental Health Grant number P30ES000002.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA

    Robert F. Herrick, James H. Stewart & Joseph G. Allen

Authors
  1. Robert F. Herrick
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  2. James H. Stewart
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  3. Joseph G. Allen
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Robert F. Herrick.

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Responsible editor: Leif Kronberg

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Herrick, R.F., Stewart, J.H. & Allen, J.G. Review of PCBs in US schools: a brief history, an estimate of the number of impacted schools, and an approach for evaluating indoor air samples. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 1975–1985 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4574-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4574-8

Keywords

  • PCB
  • Exposure
  • Sealant
  • Caulk
  • Air PCB levels
  • Exposure guidelines
  • Bayesian statistics