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Occurrence and distribution of sulfonamides, tetracyclines, quinolones, macrolides, and nitrofurans in livestock manure and amended soils of Northern China

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Abstract

A feasible and rapid analysis for the simultaneous determination of sulfonamides (SAs), tetracyclines (TCs), fluoroquinolones (FQs), macrolides (MACs) and nitrofurans (NFs) in livestock manure and soils was established by solid-phase extraction (SPE)-ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). A total of 32 manure and 17 amended soil samples from the Liaoning and Tianjin areas in Northern China were collected for analysis. The largest detected frequencies and concentrations in manure samples were those of TCs (3326.6 ± 12,302.6 μg/kg), followed by FQs (411.3 ± 1453.4 μg/kg), SAs (170.6 ± 1060.2 μg/kg), NFs (85.1 ± 158.1 μg/kg), and MACs (1.4 ± 4.8 μg/kg). In general, veterinary antibiotics (VAs) were detected with higher concentrations in swine and chicken manure than in cattle manure, reflecting the heavy usage of VAs in swine and chicken husbandry in the studied area. Furthermore, higher residues of antibiotics were found in piglet and fattening swine manure than in sow manure. In addition, TCs were the most frequently (100 %) detected antibiotics in amended soil with higher concentrations (up to 10,967.1 μg/kg) than any other VAs. The attenuation of SAs was more obvious than TCs in amended soil after fertilization, which can most likely be attributed to the stronger sorption of TCs than SAs to soil organic matter through cation exchange. This study illustrated the prevalence of TCs detected in both animal manure and fertilized agricultural soils in Northern China, which may increase the risk to human health through the food chain. Thus, TCs should be given more attention in the management of veterinary usage in livestock husbandry.

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Acknowledgments

This study was financially supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China (21037002, 31270542), environmental protection projects of the state (201309031), and Program for New Century Excellent Talents by the Ministry of Education (NCET-11-0254). Special thanks to Dr. Su Chen for providing some of the manure and soil samples.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China

    Daqing Mao

  2. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China

    Jie Hou, Weining Wan, Chong Wang, Quanhua Mu & Yi Luo

  3. School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China

    Songyan Qin

Authors
  1. Jie Hou
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  2. Weining Wan
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  3. Daqing Mao
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  4. Chong Wang
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  5. Quanhua Mu
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  6. Songyan Qin
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  7. Yi Luo
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Correspondence to Daqing Mao or Yi Luo.

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

Jie Hou and Weining Wan contributed equally to this work.

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Hou, J., Wan, W., Mao, D. et al. Occurrence and distribution of sulfonamides, tetracyclines, quinolones, macrolides, and nitrofurans in livestock manure and amended soils of Northern China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22, 4545–4554 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3632-y

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