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Soil microbial community toxic response to atrazine and its residues under atrazine and lead contamination

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Abstract

Intensive use of atrazine and extensive dispersal of lead (Pb) have occurred in farmland with chemical agriculture development. However, the toxicological effect of their presence on soil microorganism remains unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of atrazine or Pb on the soil microbiota, soil net nitrogen mineralization, and atrazine residues over a 28-day microcosm incubation. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index, typical microbe species, and a Neighbor-joining tree of typical species from sequencing denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) bands were determined across periodical sampling times. The results showed that the existence of atrazine or Pb (especially high concentration) in soils reduced microbial diversity (the lowest H value is 2.23) compared to the control (H = 2.59) after a 28-day incubation. The species richness reduced little (from 17~19 species to 16~17 species) over the research time. But soil microbial community was significantly affected by the incubation time after the exposure to atrazine or Pb. The combination of atrazine and Pb had a significant inhibition effect on soil net nitrogen nitrification. Atrazine and Pb significantly stimulated soil cumulative net nitrogen mineralization and nitrification. Pb (300 and 600 mg kg−1) accelerated the level of atrazine dissipation. The exposure might stimulate the significant growth of the autochthonous soil degraders which may use atrazine as C source and accelerate the dissipation of atrazine in soils.

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Acknowledgments

The study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (41101530 and 31270586), International Cooperative Project of Shandong Province (2012GHZ21702), State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology (Grant No. LFSE2014-07), and Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program (J11LB17). The authors sincerely thank the editor and anonymous reviewers for their thorough revision and invaluable comments which have helped to significantly improve the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China

    Qinglin Chen, Baoshan Yang, Hui Wang & Fei He

  2. State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Shenyang, 110016, China

    Hui Wang

  3. Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, 250014, China

    Yongchao Gao

  4. State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA

    Ryan A. Scheel

  5. University of Jinan, 336 West Road of Nan Xinzhuang, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, China

    Baoshan Yang & Hui Wang

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  1. Qinglin Chen
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  2. Baoshan Yang
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  3. Hui Wang
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  4. Fei He
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Correspondence to Baoshan Yang or Hui Wang.

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Responsible editor: Robert Duran

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Chen, Q., Yang, B., Wang, H. et al. Soil microbial community toxic response to atrazine and its residues under atrazine and lead contamination. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22, 996–1007 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3369-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3369-7

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