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Statistical, time series, and fractal analysis of full stretch of river Yamuna (India) for water quality management

Environmental Science and Pollution Research volume 22, pages 397–414 (2015)Cite this article

A Correction to this article was published on 29 August 2020

This article has been updated

Abstract

River water is a major resource of drinking water on earth. Management of river water is highly needed for surviving. Yamuna is the main river of India, and monthly variation of water quality of river Yamuna, using statistical methods have been compared at different sites for each water parameters. Regression, correlation coefficient, autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), box-Jenkins, residual autocorrelation function (ACF), residual partial autocorrelation function (PACF), lag, fractal, Hurst exponent, and predictability index have been estimated to analyze trend and prediction of water quality. Predictive model is useful at 95 % confidence limits and all water parameters reveal platykurtic curve. Brownian motion (true random walk) behavior exists at different sites for BOD, AMM, and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN). Quality of Yamuna River water at Hathnikund is good, declines at Nizamuddin, Mazawali, Agra D/S, and regains good quality again at Juhikha. For all sites, almost all parameters except potential of hydrogen (pH), water temperature (WT) crosses the prescribed limits of World Health Organization (WHO)/United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

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Change history

  • 29 August 2020

    As corresponding author, while going through higher research in this area, it is found that the formula for Hurst exponent given in equation (13) on page no. 401 is wrongly written.

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Acknowledgments

Authors are thankful to University Grant Commission (UGC) (F. 41-803/2012 (SR)), Government of India for financial support; Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), Government of India for providing the research data; and Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi (India) for providing research facilities. First author is also thankful to Sant Baba Bhag Singh Institute of Engineering and Technology for providing study leave to pursue research degree.

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Affiliations

  1. Non-Linear Dynamics Research Laboratory, Department of Mathematics, University School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Dwarka, Delhi, 110078, India

    Kulwinder Singh Parmar & Rashmi Bhardwaj

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  1. Kulwinder Singh Parmar
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  2. Rashmi Bhardwaj
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Correspondence to Rashmi Bhardwaj.

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Responsible editor: Michael Matthies

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Parmar, K.S., Bhardwaj, R. Statistical, time series, and fractal analysis of full stretch of river Yamuna (India) for water quality management. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22, 397–414 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3346-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3346-1

Keywords

  • Statistical analysis
  • Fractal dimension
  • Time series analysis
  • Water resource management