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Impact of raw pig slurry and pig farming practices on physicochemical parameters and on atmospheric N2O and CH4 emissions of tropical soils, Uvéa Island (South Pacific)

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Abstract

Emissions of CH4 and N2O related to private pig farming under a tropical climate in Uvéa Island were studied in this paper. Physicochemical soil parameters such as nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, Kjeldahl nitrogen, total organic carbon, pH and moisture were measured. Gaseous soil emissions as well as physicochemical parameters were compared in two private pig farming strategies encountered on this island on two different soils (calcareous and ferralitic) in order to determine the best pig farming management: in small concrete pens or in large land pens. Ammonium levels were higher in control areas while nitrate and nitrite levels were higher in soils with pig slurry inputs, indicating that nitrification was the predominant process related to N2O emissions. Nitrate contents in soils near concrete pens were important (≥55 μg N/g) and can thus be a threat for the groundwater. For both pig farming strategies, N2O and CH4 fluxes can reach high levels up to 1 mg N/m2/h and 1 mg C/m2/h, respectively. CH4 emissions near concrete pens were very high (≥10.4 mg C/m2/h). Former land pens converted into agricultural land recover low N2O emission rates (≤0.03 mg N/m2/h), and methane uptake dominates. N2O emissions were related to nitrate content whereas CH4 emissions were found to be moisture dependent. As a result relating to the physicochemical parameters as well as to the gaseous emissions, we demonstrate that pig farming in large land pens is the best strategy for sustainable family pig breeding in Uvéa Islands and therefore in similar small tropical islands.

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Acknowledgments

The authors want to thank the French “Ministère de l’Outre Mer”, the universities of Reims Champagne Ardenne and of Nouvelle Calédonie for the financial support of the “Etude des Lisiers d’Elevage Porcins” program and the people of Uvéa for their kind welcome allowing the studies concerning their private pig farming. We are grateful to the reviewers whose judicious comments have greatly improved the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. GSMA, UMR CNRS 7331, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, U.F.R. Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687, Reims, France

    E. Roth, L. Joly, X. Thomas, T. Decarpenterie, I. Mappe-Fogaing, N. Dumelié & G. Durry

  2. PPME, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, BP R4, 98851, Nouméa Cédex, Nouvelle-Calédonie, France

    P. Gunkel-Grillon & C. Laporte-Magoni

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  1. E. Roth
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  9. G. Durry
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Correspondence to E. Roth.

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Roth, E., Gunkel-Grillon, P., Joly, L. et al. Impact of raw pig slurry and pig farming practices on physicochemical parameters and on atmospheric N2O and CH4 emissions of tropical soils, Uvéa Island (South Pacific). Environ Sci Pollut Res 21, 10022–10035 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3048-8

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