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Removal of malachite green dye from wastewater by different organic acid-modified natural adsorbent: kinetics, equilibriums, mechanisms, practical application, and disposal of dye-loaded adsorbent

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Abstract

Natural adsorbent (Cinnamomum camphora sawdust) modified by organic acid (oxalic acid, citric acid, and tartaric acid) was investigated as a potential adsorbent for the removal of hazardous malachite green (MG) dye in aqueous media in a batch process. The extent of MG adsorption onto modified sawdust increased with increasing organic acid concentrations, pH, contact time, and temperature but decreased with increasing adsorbent dosage and ionic strength. Kinetic study indicated that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model could best describe the adsorption kinetics of MG. Equilibrium data were found to fit well with the Langmuir model, and the maximum adsorption capacity of the three kinds of organic acid-modified sawdust was 280.3, 222.8, and 157.5 mg/g, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters suggested that the sorption of MG was an endothermic process. The adsorption mechanism, the application of adsorbents in practical wastewater, the prediction of single-stage batch adsorption system, and the disposal of depleted adsorbents were also discussed.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the National Water Pollution Control and Management Technology Major Project of China (No. 2009ZX07212-001-02), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21276069, 71221061), and Collaborative Innovation Center of Resource-Conserving & Environment-Friendly Society and Ecological Civilization.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, People’s Republic of China

    Hou Wang, Xingzhong Yuan, Guangming Zeng, Lijian Leng, Xin Peng, Kailingli Liao, Lijuan Peng & Zhihua Xiao

  2. Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, People’s Republic of China

    Hou Wang, Xingzhong Yuan, Guangming Zeng, Lijian Leng, Xin Peng, Kailingli Liao, Lijuan Peng & Zhihua Xiao

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  1. Hou Wang
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  2. Xingzhong Yuan
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  3. Guangming Zeng
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  4. Lijian Leng
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  5. Xin Peng
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  6. Kailingli Liao
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  7. Lijuan Peng
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Correspondence to Xingzhong Yuan.

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Responsible editor: Bingcai Pan

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Wang, H., Yuan, X., Zeng, G. et al. Removal of malachite green dye from wastewater by different organic acid-modified natural adsorbent: kinetics, equilibriums, mechanisms, practical application, and disposal of dye-loaded adsorbent. Environ Sci Pollut Res 21, 11552–11564 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3025-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3025-2

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