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Assessment of metal pollution associated with an alteration area: Old Gümüşhane, NE Black Sea

Environmental Science and Pollution Research volume 22, pages 3219–3228 (2015)Cite this article

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the potential environmental risks associated with the Kirkpavli (Old Gümüşhane in northern Turkey) alteration area by quantifying pollution in soil. The Kirkpavli (Old Gümüşhane) alteration area is situated at the south of the deposit with the same name of gold-silver-bearing lead, zinc, and copper in the southern part of the Black Sea Tectonic Unit (Eastern Pontides). In this study, 28 soil samples acquired from the alteration area were analyzed for contents of some main elements including lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and arsenic (As). Contents of the elements in the area were determined, and high values were obtained such as 1,171 mg/kg for As, 12.4 mg/kg for Cd, 77.3 mg/kg for Co, 341 mg/kg for Cu, 1,172 mg/kg for Mn, 51.9 mg/kg for Ni, 3,725 mg/kg for Pb, and 880 mg/kg for Zn. Soil contamination was appraised on the basis of Geoaccumulation Index (I geo), Enrichment Factor (EF), Pollution Index, and Integrated Pollution Index. The calculated results of I geo, EF, and PI of the elements can be shown in descending order of parameters as As > Pb > Cd > Zn > Cu > Co > Mn. The parameters for some of these elements indicated extremely high contamination (I geo > 5), extremely high enrichment (EF > 40), and high pollution (PI > 3). High I geo, EF, and PI values of As, Pb, and Cd in the soil samples mean that soil pollution is typically associated with alteration area. Considering its location and the results of this study, the Kirkpavli alteration area is a significant source of pollution and may have ecotoxicological effects on terrestrial, groundwater, and aquatic ecosystems in the region.

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Acknowledgments

The author thanks Ali Gündoğdu (Gümüşhane University) for the element analysis. A special thank also goes individually to Abdurrahman Dokuz (Gumushane University) and Ömer Karpuz and graduate students Murat Erdoğan, Narin Çiftçier, and Aytekin Yagli for their assistance and help during the field and laboratory works.

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  1. Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Gümüşhane University, 29100, Gümüşhane, Turkey

    Alaaddin Vural

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  1. Alaaddin Vural
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Correspondence to Alaaddin Vural.

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Vural, A. Assessment of metal pollution associated with an alteration area: Old Gümüşhane, NE Black Sea. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22, 3219–3228 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-2907-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-2907-7

Keywords

  • Geoaccumulation Index
  • Enrichment Factor
  • Pollution Index
  • Integrated Pollution Index
  • Metal Pollution
  • Alteration area
  • Old Gümüşhane