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Brain glutathione redox system significance for the control of silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles with or without mercury co-exposures mediated oxidative stress in European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.)

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Abstract

This in vitro study investigates the impact of silica-coated magnetite particles (Fe3O4@SiO2/SiDTC, hereafter called IONP; 2.5 mg L−1) and its interference with co-exposure to persistent contaminant (mercury, Hg; 50 μg L−1) during 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48, and 72 h on European eel (Anguilla anguilla) brain and evaluates the significance of the glutathione (GSH) redox system in this context. The extent of damage (membrane lipid peroxidation, measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS; protein oxidation, measured as reactive carbonyls, RCs) decreased with increasing period of exposure to IONP or IONP + Hg which was accompanied with differential responses of glutathione redox system major components (glutathione reductase, GR; glutathione peroxidase, GPX; total GSH, TGSH). The occurrence of antagonism between IONP and Hg impacts was evident at late hour (72 h), where significantly decreased TBARS and RC levels and GR and glutathione sulfo-transferase (GST) activity imply the positive effect of IONP + Hg concomitant exposure against Hg-accrued negative impacts [vs. early (2 h) hour of exposure]. A period of exposure-dependent IONP alone and IONP + Hg joint exposure-accrued impact was perceptible. Additionally, increased susceptibility of the GSH redox system to increased period of exposure to Hg was depicted, where insufficiency of elevated GR for the maintenance of TGSH required for membrane lipid and cellular protein protection was displayed. Overall, a fine-tuning among brain glutathione redox system components was revealed controlling IONP + Hg interactive impacts successfully.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) for Post-doctoral grants to NAA (SFRH/BPD/84671/2012) and KS (SFRH/BPD/79490/2011) and PhD grant to IM (SFRH/BD/74410/2010) and to the Aveiro University Research Institute/CESAM. The authors are also indebted to Daniela S. Tavares, University of Aveiro, Portugal for providing IONPs for the current bioexperiments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal

    Naser A. Anjum, Koigoora Srikanth, Iram Mohmood, Armando C. Duarte, Eduarda Pereira & Iqbal Ahmad

  2. Department of Emergency Medicine, Brain Research Laboratory, Emory University, 1365B Clifton Road NE, Suite 5100, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA

    Iqbal Sayeed

  3. Department of Chemistry, CICECO and CESAM, Aveiro Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal

    Tito Trindade

  4. Department of Biology, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal

    Iqbal Ahmad

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  1. Naser A. Anjum
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Correspondence to Iqbal Ahmad.

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Responsible editor: Henner Hollert

Naser A. Anjum and Koigoora Srikanth contributed equally to this work.

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Anjum, N.A., Srikanth, K., Mohmood, I. et al. Brain glutathione redox system significance for the control of silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles with or without mercury co-exposures mediated oxidative stress in European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.). Environ Sci Pollut Res 21, 7746–7756 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-2673-6

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