Abstract
A series of treatment experiments were carried out to evaluate the applicability of a high-temperature melting treatment (GeoMelt process) to the destruction of polychlorinated naphthalene (PCN) formulation. We started with 10-kg-scale experiments in which a small melting furnace was used and then scaled up to a 1-t-scale experiment in which a melting furnace that resembled an actual treatment system was used. These runs were evaluated whether destruction efficiency (DE) of total PCNs was more than 99.999 % and whether concentrations of PCNs and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDDs/DFs) in vitrified materials, emission gas, and scrubber water were below the target levels. Because DE values and the target levels of PCNs and PCDDs/DFs in these runs were satisfactory, then we carried out a demonstrative experiment using the actual treatment system and confirmed destruction of PCNs. Based on good results of the demonstrative experiment, stock of PCN formulation was successfully treated continuously.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bidleman TF, Helm PA, Braune BM, Gabrielsen GW (2010) Polychlorinated naphthalenes in polar environments—a review. Sci Total Environ 408:2919–2935
Brinkman UAT, Reymer HGM (1976) Polychlorinated naphthalenes. J Chromatogr 127:203–243
Crookes M J, Howe P D (1993) Environmental hazard assessment: halogenated naphthalenes. Department of the Environment, Directorate for Air, Climate and Toxic Substances, Toxic Substances Division
Falandysz J (1998) Polychlorinated naphthalenes: an environmental update. Environ Pollut 101:77–90
Finucane K G, Thompson L E, Abuku T, Nakauchi H (2008) Treatment of asbestos wastes using the GeoMelt® vitrification process – 8261. In: Proceedings of WM 2008 conference
Hanari N, Kannan K, Horii Y, Taniyasu S, Yamashita N, Jude DJ, Berg MB (2004) Polychlorinated naphthalenes and polychlorinated biphenyls in benthic organisms of a Great Lake food chain. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 47:84–93
Hayward D (1998) Identification of bioaccumulating polychlorinated naphthalenes and their toxicological significance. Environ Res Sect A 76:1–18
Ishaq R, Persson NJ, Zebühr Y, Broman D (2009) PCNs, PCDD/Fs, and non-ortho PCBs, in water and bottom sediments from the industrialized Norwegian Grenlandsfjords. Environ Sci Technol 43:3442–3447
Iwai T, Tyuman I, Abuku T, Fujinaga A (2001) Demolition of a small incineration plant contaminated with dioxins and purification treatment of the contaminants. 10th PBC in Okayama, pp. 109–114
Jansson S, Fick J, Marklund S (2008) Formation and chlorination of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) in the post-combustion zone during MSW combustion. Chemosphere 72:1138–1144
Jansson S, Andersson PL (2012) Relationship between congener patterns of PCDDs, PCDFs, PCNs, PCBs, PCBzs and PCPhs formed during flue gas cooling. Sci Total Environ 416:269–275
Japan Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (1979) Chemical council, safety guideline section. The regulation of polychlorinated naphthalenes and hexa-chlorobenzenes (in Japanese)
Japan Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (2002) Chemical council, action against PCN imported in contravention of law concerning the examination and regulation of manufacture of chemical substances in Japan, http:www.meti.go.jp/report/downloadfiles/g20925b032j.pdf (in Japanese). Accessed 3 Mar 2014
Japan Ministry of the Environment (2008) Manual for the determination of dioxins in soil, (in Japanese)
Japan Ministry of the Environment (2009) Technical guidelines for the treatment of POPs pesticide wastes (in Japanese)
Japanese Standards Association (2005) Method for determination of tetra- through octa-chlorodibenzo-p-dioxins, tetra- through octa-chlorodibenzofurans and coplanar polychlorobiphenyls in stationary source emissions. Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) K 0311
Järnberg U, Asplund L, de Wit C (1997) Distribution of polychlorinated naphthalene congeners in environmental and source-related samples. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 32:232–245
Järnberg UG, Asplund LT, Egebäck AL, Jansson B, Unger M, Wideqvist U (1999) Polychlorinated naphthalene congener profiles in background sediments compared to a degraded Halowax 1014 technical mixture. Environ Sci Technol 33:1–6
Kikawada K, Nakauchi H, Shimanabe K (2009) Demonstration experiments of detoxification of PCB contaminated soils by melting destruction and approval as detoxification treatment facility. In: Proceedings of 64th Japan society of civil engineering annual conference, pp 385–386 (in Japanese)
Liu G, Cai Z, Zheng M (2014) Sources of unintentionally produced polychlorinated naphthalenes. Chemosphere 94:1–12
Noma Y, Yamamoto T, Giraud R, Sakai S (2006) Behavior of PCNs, PCDDs, PCDFs, and dioxin-like PCBs in the thermal destruction of wastes containing PCNs. Chemosphere 62:1183–1195
Ohta M, Terada T, Kikawada K, Abuku T (2003) Detoxification of the soil contaminated with POPs agricultural chemicals by electric resistance melting. News of Geo-Environmental Protection Center. No.6 (in Japanese)
Sakai S, Yamamoto T, Noma Y, Giraud R (2006) Formation and control of toxic polychlorinated compounds during incineration of wastes containing polychlorinated naphthalenes. Environ Sci Technol 40:2247–2253
UNEP (2011) Proposal to list chlorinated naphthalenes in annexes A, B and/or C to the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants, UNEP/POPS/POPRC.7/2
UNEP (2012) Draft Risk Profile: Chlorinated Naphthalenes, UNEP/POPS/POPRC.8/2
UNEP (2013) Chlorinated naphthalene draft risk management evaluation, UNEP/POPRC, 1 Apr 2013
US Environmental Protection Agency (1994) EPA/540/S-94/504, engineering bulletin: in situ vitrification treatment
van de Plassche E J, Schwegler A M G R (2002) Polychlorinated naphthalenes. Dossier prepared for the third meeting of the UN-ECE Ad-hoc Expert Group meeting on POPs. Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment, Directorate-General for Environmental Protection, 16 February 2002
Weber R, Watson A, Forter M, Oliaei F (2011) Persistent organic pollutants and landfills—a review of past experiences and future challenges. Waste Manag Res 29:107–121
Yamashita N, Taniyasu S, Hanari N, Horii Y, Falandysz J (2003) Polychlorinated naphthalene contamination of some recently manufactured industrial products and commercial goods in Japan. J Environ Sci Health A 38:1745–1759
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Responsible editor: Leif Kronberg
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yamamoto, T., Kai, Y., Nakauchi, H. et al. Destruction of polychlorinated naphthalenes by a high-temperature melting treatment (GeoMelt process). Environ Sci Pollut Res 21, 7557–7566 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-2643-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-2643-z