Abstract
The focus of this article was to explore the translocation of 109Cd, 57Co, 65Zn, 63Ni, and 134Cs via xylem and phloem in the newly found hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L. Two experiments with the uptake via the roots and transport of 109Cd, 57Co, and 65Zn labeled by roots, and the redistribution of 109Cd, 65Zn, 57Co, 63Ni, and 134Cs using flap label in S. nigrum in a hydroponic culture with a standard nutrient solution were conducted. The results showed that 109Cd added for 24 h to the nutrient medium of young plants was rapidly taken up, transferred to the shoot, and accumulated in the cotyledons and the oldest leaves but was not efficiently redistributed within the shoot afterward leading to a rather low content in the fruits. In contrast, 57Co was more slowly taken up and released to the shoot, but afterward, this element was redistributed from older leaves to younger leaves and maturing fruits. 65Zn was rapidly taken up and transferred to the shoot (mainly to the youngest leaves and not to the cotyledons). Afterward, this radionuclide was redistributed within the shoot to the youngest organs and finally accumulated in the maturing fruits. After flap labeling, all five heavy metals tested (109Cd, 57Co, 65Zn, 63Ni, 134Cs) were exported from the labeled leaf and redistributed within the plant. The accumulation in the fruits was most pronounced for 63Ni and 65Zn, while a relatively high percentage of 57Co was finally found in the roots. 134Cs was roughly in the middle of them. The transport of 109Cd differed from that previously reported for wheat or lupin and might be important for the potential of S. nigrum to hyperaccumulate cadmium.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Sino Swiss Science and Technology Cooperation (SSSTC, EG 06–092011), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31270540, 31070455, 40971184, and 40930739), the National Science & Technology Pillar Program (2012BAC17B04), Hi-tech research and development program of China (2012AA06A202), and Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province, China (201102224).
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Wei, S., Anders, I. & Feller, U. Selective uptake, distribution, and redistribution of 109Cd, 57Co, 65Zn, 63Ni, and 134Cs via xylem and phloem in the heavy metal hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L. Environ Sci Pollut Res 21, 7624–7630 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-2636-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-2636-y