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The reductive degradation of 1,1,1-trichloroethane by Fe(0) in a soil slurry system

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Abstract

Most studies on the treatment of chlorinated contaminants by Fe(0) focus on aqueous system tests. However, few is known about the effectiveness of these tests for degrading chlorinated contaminants such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA) in soil. In this work, the reductive degradation performance of 1,1,1-TCA by Fe(0) was thoroughly investigated in a soil slurry system. The effects of various factors including acid-washed iron, the initial 1,1,1-TCA concentration, Fe(0) dosage, slurry pH, and common constituents in groundwater and soil such as Cl−, HCO3 −, SO4 2−, and NO3 − anions and humic acid (HA) were evaluated. The experimental results showed that 1,1,1-TCA could be effectively degraded in 12 h for an initial Fe(0) dosage of 10 g L−1 and a soil/water mass ratio of 1:5. The soil slurry experiments showed two-stage degradation kinetics: a slow reaction in the first stage and a fast reductive degradation of 1,1,1-TCA in the second stage. The reductive degradation of 1,1,1-TCA was expedited as the mass concentration of Fe(0) increased. In addition, high pHs adversely affected the degradation of 1,1,1-TCA over a pH range of 5.4–8.0 and the reductive degradation efficiency decreased with increasing slurry pH. The initial 1,1,1-TCA concentration and the presence of Cl− and SO4 2− anions had negligible effects. HCO3 − anions had a accelerative effect on 1,1,1-TCA removal, and both NO3 − and HA had inhibitory effects. A Cl− mass balance showed that the amount of Cl− ions released into the soil slurry system during the 1,1,1-TCA degradation increased with increasing reaction time, suggesting that the main degradation mechanism of 1,1,1-TCA by Fe(0) in a soil slurry system was reductive dechlorination with 1,1-DCA as the main intermediate. In conclusion, this study provides a theoretical basis for the practical application of the remediation of contaminated sites containing chlorinated solvent.

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Acknowledgments

This study was financially supported by the grant from the National Environmental Protection Public Welfare Science and Technology Research Program of China (no. 201109013) and the Shanghai Natural Science Funds (no. 12ZR1408000).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China

    Xiaoliang Wu, Shuguang Lu, Zhaofu Qiu, Qian Sui & Kuangfei Lin

  2. Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China

    Xiaoming Du

  3. Shanghai Academy of Environmental Science, Shanghai, 200233, China

    Qishi Luo

Authors
  1. Xiaoliang Wu
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  2. Shuguang Lu
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  3. Zhaofu Qiu
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  4. Qian Sui
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  5. Kuangfei Lin
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  6. Xiaoming Du
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  7. Qishi Luo
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Correspondence to Shuguang Lu.

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Responsible editor: Zhihong Xu

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Wu, X., Lu, S., Qiu, Z. et al. The reductive degradation of 1,1,1-trichloroethane by Fe(0) in a soil slurry system. Environ Sci Pollut Res 21, 1401–1410 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-2029-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-2029-7

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