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Degradation of ciprofloxacin by cryptomelane-type manganese(III/IV) oxides

  • Use of iron and other transition metals in environmental remediation processes
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Abstract

The objective of this study is to investigate and understand the oxidizing properties of a manganese oxide, specifically synthetic cryptomelane (KMn8O16) and its derivatives, in aqueous solution. Ciprofloxacin (CIP), a commonly used fluoroquinolone antibiotic, was used as the probe. Synthetic cryptomelane, known as octahedral molecular sieves (OMS-2), was synthesized, and its derivatives were prepared by adding transition metal oxides, V2O5 or MoO3, as dopants during synthesis. The solids were characterized by x-ray powder diffraction (XRD), SEM–energy-dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDX), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), Raman spectra, and N2-Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method. Degradation of CIP by different doped OMS-2 was carried out. Process conditions were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). XRD patterns indicated the crystal phase of regular and doped OMS-2 as the cryptomelane type. Presence of the dopants in doped cryptomelane was confirmed by SEM-EDX and XPS. FTIR and Raman results suggested that the dopants were substituted into the framework in place of manganese. SEM images, XRD analysis, and surface area analysis of doped OMS-2 indicated decreased particle size, decreased crystallinity, and increased surface area compared to regular OMS-2. Higher oxidizing reactivity of doped OMS-2 was also observed with increased CIP removal rates from aqueous solution. The enhancement of reactivity may be due to the increase of surface areas. Nine percent Mo/OMS-2, the most effective oxidant of all synthesized derivatives, was selected for optimization study. Favorable treatment conditions were obtained using RSM at pH 3 with molar ratio [9 % Mo/OMS-2]/[CIP] ≥ 50. Under such conditions, more than 90 % CIP can be removed in 30 min. The degradation kinetics was modeled by a modified first order rate with introduction of a retardation factor-α (R 2 > 0.98). Analysis of degradation products indicated that oxidation takes place mainly on the piperazine ring of CIP.

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Acknowledgments

This study was funded in part by the College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, and in part by the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station federal formula funds, project No. NYC-329829 (W-1045), received from the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, US Department of Agriculture. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. This work made use of the SEM-EDX, XPS, Raman, and FTIR facilities of the Cornell Center for Materials Research with support from the National Science Foundation Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers program (DMR 1120296). The authors would also like to thank Prof. Ulrich Wiesner and his graduate student, Hiroaki Sai, for assistance in surface area analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate Field of Environmental Toxicology, FSAD, HEB, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-4401, USA

    Xiao Xiao, Sheng-Peng Sun & Ann T. Lemley

  2. Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA

    Murray B. McBride

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  1. Xiao Xiao
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  2. Sheng-Peng Sun
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  3. Murray B. McBride
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  4. Ann T. Lemley
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Correspondence to Ann T. Lemley.

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

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Xiao, X., Sun, SP., McBride, M.B. et al. Degradation of ciprofloxacin by cryptomelane-type manganese(III/IV) oxides. Environ Sci Pollut Res 20, 10–21 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-012-1026-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-012-1026-6

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