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Contribution of anthropogenic aerosols in direct radiative forcing and atmospheric heating rate over Delhi in the Indo-Gangetic Basin

Environmental Science and Pollution Research volume 19, pages 1144–1158 (2012)Cite this article

Abstract

Introduction

The present work is aimed to understand direct radiation effects due to aerosols over Delhi in the Indo-Gangetic Basin (IGB) region, using detailed chemical analysis of surface measured aerosols during the year 2007.

Methods

An optically equivalent aerosol model was formulated on the basis of measured aerosol chemical compositions along with the ambient meteorological parameters to derive radiatively important aerosol optical parameters. The derived aerosol parameters were then used to estimate the aerosol direct radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere, surface, and in the atmosphere.

Results

The anthropogenic components measured at Delhi were found to be contributing ∼72% to the composite aerosol optical depth (AOD0.5 ∼0.84). The estimated mean surface and atmospheric forcing for composite aerosols over Delhi were found to be about −69, −85, and −78 W m−2 and about +78, +98, and +79 W m−2 during the winter, summer, and post-monsoon periods, respectively. The anthropogenic aerosols contribute ∼90%, 53%, and 84% to the total aerosol surface forcing and ∼93%, 54%, and 88% to the total aerosol atmospheric forcing during the above respective periods. The mean (±SD) surface and atmospheric forcing for composite aerosols was about −79 (±15) and +87 (±26) W m−2 over Delhi with respective anthropogenic contributions of ∼71% and 75% during the overall period of observation.

Conclusions

Aerosol induced large surface cooling, which was relatively higher during summer as compared to the winter suggesting an increase in dust loading over the station. The total atmospheric heating rate at Delhi averaged during the observation was found to be 2.42 ± 0.72 K day−1, of which the anthropogenic fraction contributed as much as ∼73%.

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Acknowledgments

Sincere thanks are due to the directors, IITM, Pune and NPL, New Delhi, and Dr. PCS Devara, Head, PM&A Division, IITM, Pune, for their encouragement and support throughout the study. The authors are grateful to the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions, which helped to improve the scientific contents of the manuscript.

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Affiliations

  1. Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (Branch), Prof Ramnath Vij Marg, New Delhi, India

    Atul K. Srivastava, S. Tiwari & D. S. Bisht

  2. CSIR, National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi, India

    Sachchidanand Singh

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  1. Atul K. Srivastava
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  2. Sachchidanand Singh
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  3. S. Tiwari
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  4. D. S. Bisht
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Correspondence to Atul K. Srivastava.

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Srivastava, A.K., Singh, S., Tiwari, S. et al. Contribution of anthropogenic aerosols in direct radiative forcing and atmospheric heating rate over Delhi in the Indo-Gangetic Basin. Environ Sci Pollut Res 19, 1144–1158 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-011-0633-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-011-0633-y

Keywords

  • Anthropogenic aerosols
  • Composite aerosols
  • Direct radiative forcing
  • Atmospheric heating rate