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Uranium biosorption by Padina sp. algae biomass: kinetics and thermodynamics

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Abstract

Introduction

Kinetic, thermodynamic, and equilibrium isotherms of the biosorption of uranium ions onto Padina sp., a brown algae biomass, in a batch system have been studied.

Discussion

The kinetic data were found to follow the pseudo-second-order model. Intraparticle diffusion is not the sole rate-controlling factor. The equilibrium experimental results were analyzed in terms of Langmuir isotherm depending with temperature. Equilibrium data fitted very well to the Langmuir model. The maximum uptakes estimated by using the Langmuir model were 434.8, 416.7, 400.0, and 370.4 mg/g at 10°C, 20°C, 30°C, and 40°C, respectively. Gibbs free energy was spontaneous for all interactions, and the adsorption process exhibited exothermic enthalpy values. Padina sp. algae were shown to be a favorable biosorbent for uranium removal from aqueous solutions.

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Abbreviations

b :

The Langmuir adsorption constant (liters per milligram)

C :

Intraparticle diffusion rate model constant (milligrams per gram)

C ad,eq :

Adsorbed dye concentration at equilibrium (milligrams per liter)

C eq :

Residual metal ion concentration per volume of the solution at equilibrium (milligrams per liter)

C o :

Initial metal ion concentration (milligrams per liter)

C t :

Metal concentration after time t (milligrams per liter)

d :

The mean particle diameter (m)

D id :

The diffusion coefficient in the solid (square meters per minute)

k 1,ad :

First-order rate constant (per minute)

k 2,ad :

Second-order rate constant (grams per milligram per minute)

K id :

Intraparticular diffusion rate (milligrams per gram per half minute)

K′c :

Apparent equilibrium constant of the biosorption system

K°c :

Standard thermodynamic equilibrium constant of the adsorption system

q eq :

Adsorbed metal ion quantity per gram of alga at equilibrium (milligrams per gram)

q eq,exp :

Observed U uptake at equilibrium (milligrams per gram)

q t :

Adsorbed metal ion quantity per gram of alga at any time (milligrams per gram)

Q 0 :

The Langmuir adsorption constant (milligrams per gram)

Q eq :

Adsorbed metal ion quantity per gram of alga at equilibrium (milligrams per gram)

M :

Amount of the biosorbent (grams)

R :

Gas constant (=8.314 J mol−1 K−1)

R 2 :

Correlation coefficient

R L :

A dimensionless separation factor (−)

t :

Time (minutes)

T :

Solution temperature (degree Celsius)

v :

Volume of the solution (liters)

w :

Algae concentration (grams per liter)

α E :

The initial adsorption rate in Elovich kinetic model (milligrams per gram per minute)

β E :

Elovich kinetic model constant (grams per milligram)

ΔG°:

The Gibbs free energy of biosorption (kilojoules per mole)

ΔH°:

Enthalpy change of biosorption (kilojoules per mole)

ΔS°:

Entropy change of biosorption (joules per mole per kelvin)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nuclear Fuel Cycle Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P.O. Box 14395, 836, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad Hassan Khani

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  1. Mohammad Hassan Khani
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Correspondence to Mohammad Hassan Khani.

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Khani, M.H. Uranium biosorption by Padina sp. algae biomass: kinetics and thermodynamics. Environ Sci Pollut Res 18, 1593–1605 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-011-0518-0

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