Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to assess the level and possible sources of trace elements in Tshwane metropolis using transplanted lichen thallus of Parmelia sulcata with a view to evaluating the ability of this lichen species to monitor air pollutants from a perceived polluted environment.
Methods
Samples of the lichen thalli were transplanted into ten different sites and covered with a net. Samples were exposed for 3 months. Concentrations of ten trace elements were determined with the use of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
Results
A significant difference was observed in the values of elemental concentration in lichen from unpolluted area and those transplanted to all the sites (p < 0.01). Variations in values of trace elements recorded in lichen transplant from different sites were also statistically significant (p < 0.01). The high traffic sites showed significantly higher elemental concentrations, particularly for Pb, Zn, and Cu than the industrial and residential areas (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
Trends in the trace element values from different sites suggested that the elements might have come from anthropogenic sources.
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Olowoyo, J.O., van Heerden, E. & Fischer, J.L. Trace element concentrations from lichen transplants in Pretoria, South Africa. Environ Sci Pollut Res 18, 663–668 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-010-0410-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-010-0410-3