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Polychlorinated biphenyls in farmed and wild Onchorhynchus kisutch and Onchorhynchus mykiss from the Chilean Patagonia

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Abstract

Purpose

This paper analyses the presence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in escaped: farmed and wild salmons in southern Chile, analysing their concentrations and congener profiles in two species (Oncorhynchus kisutch and Oncorhynchus mykiss).

Methods

Muscle samples from both farmed and escaped fish of two species, O. mykiss (rainbow trout) and O. kisutch (coho salmon), were analysed for PCBs (42 congeners). To differentiate between the wild salmon and the salmon that have escaped from fish farms, the astaxanthin content in the muscular tissue was analysed with a high-performance liquid chromatography -diode array detector method. PCBs were measured by gas chromatography with an electron capture detector.

Results

The levels of astaxanthin can be used to differentiate between farmed, escaped and wild-borne salmons with statistically different concentrations. When comparing the total PCB concentrations for both trout and salmon samples, it can be determined that a separate analysis for farmed, escaped and wild-borne fish more accurately describes the real differences in the concentrations; these differences are hidden when separate analyses are not performed. The congener profiles are similar in both trout and coho salmon, where the tri-, tetra- and penta-CB congeners are the most abundant.

Conclusion

This study is the first report of PCBs in wild-borne, farmed and escaped salmons for the Southern Hemisphere, considering that Chile is actually one of the principal world producers of salmon.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by FONDECYT no. 1080294 (R Barra, E Habit), the Centre for Ecosystem Research of Patagonia (CIEP), and partially by FONDECYT no. 1080082 (E. Habit).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Aquatic Systems Research Unit, EULA-Chile Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Concepción, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile

    Monica Montory, Evelyn Habit, Paulina Bahamonde, Ignacio Rudolph & Ricardo Barra

  2. Centre for Ecosystems Research in Patagonia (CIEP), Coyhaique, Chile

    Evelyn Habit & Ricardo Barra

  3. Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain

    Pilar Fernandez & Joan O. Grimalt

  4. Department of Statistics, Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile

    Katia Saez

Authors
  1. Monica Montory
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  2. Evelyn Habit
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  3. Paulina Bahamonde
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  4. Pilar Fernandez
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  5. Joan O. Grimalt
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  6. Katia Saez
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  7. Ignacio Rudolph
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  8. Ricardo Barra
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ricardo Barra.

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Responsible editor: Ake Bergman

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Montory, M., Habit, E., Bahamonde, P. et al. Polychlorinated biphenyls in farmed and wild Onchorhynchus kisutch and Onchorhynchus mykiss from the Chilean Patagonia. Environ Sci Pollut Res 18, 629–637 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-010-0408-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-010-0408-x

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