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An Improved Test Procedure for Mechanical Characterization of Flax-Epoxy Composites

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Abstract

Background

An accurate measure of mechanical properties is essential for developing constitutive models in composites. However, existing methods for the characterization of flax-epoxy composites have few shortcomings such as a) under prediction of the strength due to premature failure of parallel tensile specimens near the jaw grips b) inability to capture complete stress-strain response under compressive loading, particularly the post-peak behavior due to strain gauge failure near pre-ultimate load c) local bearing failures and undesirable twist which fails to simulate the desired state of shear in the specimen.

Objective

The paper aims to present an improved test procedure for characterizing flax-epoxy composites using full-field strain measurement under tensile, compressive and shear loading.

Methods

A simpler dog-bone tensile specimen without end tabs instead of the parallel specimens with end tabs as per ASTM standard is proposed. The improved strain measurement technique captures the complete stress-strain response under compressive loading with a single camera (2D-Digital Image Correlation (DIC)) and does not demand any modifications to the Combined Loading Compression (CLC) fixture. The V-Notched rail shear test fixture simulates the desired stress state that is free from local bearing failure/twisting.

Results

The proposed test methodology simulates the desired failure modes and stress-strain response. The results show that flax-epoxy composites exhibit significant anisotropy and nonlinearity with different failure strengths in both fiber and matrix directions for different loading cases.

Conclusions

The proposed test procedure accurately characterizes the mechanical properties of flax-epoxy composites under different loading conditions and can be used for standardizing the test methodology for natural fiber composites using full-field strain measurements.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the support of Mr. Palagala Venkatesh Yadav, research scholar, and technical staffs Mr. A Priyangan and Mr. S Ruthrapathi in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering for their help during experiments. Also, would like to thank Amara Raja Batteries Limited (ARBL) for allowing us to use their characterization facility.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Tirupati, India

    P. V. Divakarraju & V. Pandurangan

  2. Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Tirupati, India

    M. Nithyadharan

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[P V Divakarraju] - Conception, Experimental design, Carrying out measurements, Manuscript composition. [M Nithyadharan] - Conception, Experimental design, Manuscript composition. [V Pandurangan] - Conception, Experimental design, Manuscript composition.

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Divakarraju, P.V., Nithyadharan, M. & Pandurangan, V. An Improved Test Procedure for Mechanical Characterization of Flax-Epoxy Composites. Exp Mech 63, 1285–1308 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-023-00988-1

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