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Applying the Virtual Fields Method to Measure During Milling the Through-Thickness Residual Stress Distribution in Aluminum-Alloy Sheet Material

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Abstract

Background

Residual stresses often cause distortion to occur when machining slender workpieces like those used in aeronautics. This distortion is undesirable and may even cause the workpiece to be scrapped. Identifying these residual stresses during machining is therefore crucial to limit their effect on the final geometry of the part.

Objective

The aim of this work is to identify the through-thickness residual stress distribution by processing displacement/strain fields measured on the workpiece during machining.

Methods

Digital Image Correlation is employed to measure, between successive milling passes, the displacement and strain fields on the lateral surface of the workpiece. These fields are then processed with the Virtual Fields Method to identify the through-thickness residual stress distribution. Compared to previous studies on this topic, no assumption is made concerning the real through-thickness displacement field.

Results

Simulations performed with synthetic data provided by a finite element model show the feasibility of this approach and quantifies its robustness when displacements are affected by measurement noise. Results obtained with this approach in a real case are then compared with their counterparts obtained with another identification technique, which assumes that the workpiece behaves as a beam.

Conclusion

This study shows that it is possible to measure the through-thickness distribution of residual stress in slender workpieces during machining by using a classic subset-based DIC software and the Virtual Fields Method to process the displacement/strain maps. This opens the way for future developments aimed for instance at updating in live machining sequences in order to obtain machined parts immune from distortions caused by residual stresses.

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Acknowledgements

This work has been sponsored by the French government research program “Investissements d’Avenir” through the IDEX-ISITE initiative 16-IDEX-0001 (CAP 20-25). The authors also gratefully acknowledge the financial supports from the French National Research Agency (ANR) through the ICAReS and IMaDe projects (ANR-18-CE08-0028-01 and ANR-19-CE10-0002 grants, respectively), and from the AURA regional council.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut Pascal, UMR 6602, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, 20 avenue Blaise Pascal,TSA 62006, Aubière CEDEX, 63178, France

    T. Jovani, B. Blaysat, H. Chanal & M. Grédiac

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  1. T. Jovani
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  2. B. Blaysat
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  3. H. Chanal
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  4. M. Grédiac
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Correspondence to M. Grédiac.

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Jovani, T., Blaysat, B., Chanal, H. et al. Applying the Virtual Fields Method to Measure During Milling the Through-Thickness Residual Stress Distribution in Aluminum-Alloy Sheet Material. Exp Mech 63, 221–235 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-022-00909-8

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