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Thermal Shock Testing of Ceramics Using Non-Uniform Radiant Heating

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Abstract

Background

Understanding how materials respond to rapid changes in temperature (thermal shock) is important to the development of materials and components for service in the challenging conditions found in aerospace and energy applications, among others. State of the art approaches to evaluating thermal shock are limited by the uncertainty involved with the characterization of the experimental thermal boundary conditions, typically convective and with phase change, which makes it difficult to develop and validate computational models of materials undergoing thermal shock.

Objective

The objective of this work is to support the development of computational models of thermal shock by demonstrating a method of experimentally characterizing materials undergoing rapid heating that enables accurate and repeatable measurement of thermal boundary conditions, and the dynamic thermal response of the test article.

Methods

We have developed an experimental system in which test articles are heated radiatively on one surface by focused light having a peak intensity between 30 W/cm2 – 60 W/cm2, and insulated on all other surfaces. The dynamic thermal response of the heated surface is measured using infrared thermography with full-field temperature maps acquired every 143 ms.

Results

The radiative boundary conditions were measured with an uncertainty of ± 3% at 95% confidence across the entire heated surface, and varied locally by 2.6%-3.2% between repeated tests at the same conditions. Comparisons of dynamic thermal response and results from a linear-elastic finite element simulation showed good agreement between peak and average surface temperature, spatial temperature distribution across the heated surface, and time-to-fracture.

Conclusions

The results demonstrate that the experimental technique presented yields thermal shock data of sufficient fidelity to be used in the development and validation of computational thermal shock models.

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Abbreviations

OPT:

Optical camera

IR:

IR camera

TC:

Thermocouple

RTD:

Resistance temperature detector

A:

Surface area [m2]

h:

Convection heat transfer coefficient [Wm−2 K−1]

k:

Thermal conductivity [Wm−1 K−1]

T:

Temperature [°C or K]

L:

Length [m]

Ra:

Rayleigh number [-]

g:

Acceleration of gravity [9.81 ms−2]

cp :

Specific heat [J(kgK)−1

ε:

Thermal emissivity [-]

µ:

Viscosity [kg(ms)−1]

β:

Coefficient of volume expansion [K−1]

α:

Absorptivity [-]

ρ:

Density [kgm−3]

σ:

Stress [Pa]

rad:

Radiative

s:

Surface

L:

Averaged over the length dimension

∞:

Atmospheric properties

a:

Allowable stress

flex:

Flexural

mp:

Maximum principal stress

mar:

Stress margin

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Acknowledgements

This work was funded by a grant from Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corporation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bucknell University, 1 Dent Dr, Lewisburg, PA, 17837, USA

    N. P. Siegel & T. H. Chilemba

  2. Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corporation, 9675 W 108th Cir, Westminster, CO, 80021, USA

    S. M. Babiniec

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  1. N. P. Siegel
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  2. T. H. Chilemba
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  3. S. M. Babiniec
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Correspondence to N. P. Siegel.

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Sean Babiniec is an employee of Ball Aerospace Technologies, the sponsor of this work. Nathan Siegel and Tim Chilemba declare that they have no conflict of interest related to this work or its dissemination.

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Siegel, N.P., Chilemba, T.H. & Babiniec, S.M. Thermal Shock Testing of Ceramics Using Non-Uniform Radiant Heating. Exp Mech 62, 493–504 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-021-00797-4

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