Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

An Experimental Methodological Approach for Obtaining Viscoelastic Poisson’s Ratio of Elastomers from Creep Strain DIC-Based Measurements

  • Research paper
  • Published:
Experimental Mechanics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

Because of considerable experimental difficulties for measuring the viscoelastic Poisson´s ratio of polymers and the scarcity of reported data of this property for most of polymers, in particular, elastomers, new measurement methods and procedures need to be developed.

Objective

The aim of this article is to provide a simple, suitable and reliable procedure to allow the determination of the viscoelastic Poisson’s ratio of elastomers from simple creep strain measurements based on digital image correlation.

Methods

To illustrate the proposed procedure, a silicone rubber was tested and analyzed. It consisted of performing creep tests at different stresses and temperatures for 10 min (short-term creep tests) measuring simultaneous axial and transverse strains with a DIC equipment. Creep strain functions in axial and transverse direction were obtained employing a creep model. Then, the strain functions were used to calculate the viscoelastic Poisson´s ratio through a transformation method and to obtain their long-term curves.

Results

The results obtained demonstrated significant stress and temperature dependency of the viscoelastic Poisson´s ratio for the silicone rubber. It was observed that the viscoelastic Poisson’s ratio increases with temperature but tends to a certain value, and tends to 0.5 for higher temperatures. Overall, the proposed procedure exhibited notable ease and accuracy for the assessment of viscoelastic Poisson´s ratio of elastomers. 

Conclusions

Finally, the methodology followed in this work can be a potential alternative tool for the characterization of viscoelastic Poisson´s ratio of elastomers, which is currently scarce in literature.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Spathis G, Kontou E (2012) Creep failure time prediction of polymers and polymer composites. Compos Sci Technol 72(9):959964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2012.03.018

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Brostow W (2009) Reliability and prediction of long-term performance of polymer-based materials. Pure Appl Chem 81(3):417–432. https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-CON-08-08-03

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Luo R (2016) Creep simulation and experiment for rubber springs. Proc Inst Mech Eng Pt L J Mater Des Appl 230(2):681–688. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464420715576558

  4. Luo R (2019) Creep prediction with temperature effect and experimental verification of rubber suspension components used in rail vehicles. Proc Inst Mech Eng Pt C J Mechan 233(11):3950–3963. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954406218809143

  5. Sahu R, Patra K, Szpunar J (2015) Experimental study and numerical modelling of creep and stress relaxation of dielectric elastomers. Strain 51:43–54. https://doi.org/10.1111/str.12117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Vennemann N (2012) Characterization of thermoplastic elastomers by means of temperature scanning stress relaxation measurements. In: Zaki El-Sonbati Thermoplastic Elastomers, Adel, INTECH, pp 347–370. https://doi.org/10.5772/35976

  7. Kenneth TG, Celina M, Bernstein R (2003) Validation of improved methods for predicting long-term elastomeric seal lifetimes from compression stress–relaxation and oxygen consumption techniques. Polym Degrad Stabil 82(1):25–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-3910(03)00159-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Farfán-Cabrera LI, Pascual-Francisco JB, Barragan-Perez O, Gallardo-Hernandez EA, Susarrey-Huerta O (2017) Determination of creep compliance, recovery and Poisson’s ratio of elastomers by means of digital image correlation (DIC). Polym Test 59:245–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2017.02.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Tweedie CA, Van Vliet KJ (2006) Contact creep compliance of viscoelastic materials via nanoindentation. J Mater Res 21(6):1576–1589. https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2006.0197

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Oyen ML (2005) Spherical indentation creep following ramp loading. J Mater Res 20(8):2094–2100. https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.2005.0259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Rubin A, Favier D, Danieau P, Giraudel M, Chambard JP, Gauthier C (2016) Direct observation of contact on non transparent viscoelastic polymers surfaces: a new way to study creep and recovery. Prog Org Coatings 99:134–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2016.05.014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Findley WN, Lai JS, Onaran K (1989) Creep and relaxation of nonlinear viscoelastic materials. Dover publications, New York

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  13. Pandini S, Pegoretti A (2008) Time, temperature, and strain effects on viscoelastic Poisson’s ratio of epoxy resins. Polym Eng Sci 48:1434–1441. https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.21060

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Ernst LJ, Zhang GQ, Jansen KMB, Bressers HJL (2003) Time and Temperature-Dependent Thermo-Mechanical Modeling of a Packaging Molding Compound and its Effect on Packaging Process Stresses. ASME J Electron Packag 125(4):539–548. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1604156

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Yao JQ, Parry TV, Unsworth A, Cunningham JL (1994) Contact Mechanics of Soft Layer Artificial Hip Joints. Proc Inst Mech Eng Pt H J Eng Med 208(4):206–215. https://doi.org/10.1243/PIME_PROC_1994_208_290_02

  16. Święszkowski W, Ku DN, Bersee HEN, Kurzydlowski KJ (2006) An elastic material for cartilage replacement in an arthritic shoulder joint. Biomaterials 27(8):1534–1541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.08.032

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Bergström JS, Rimnac CM, Kurtz SM (2003) Prediction of multiaxial mechanical behavior for conventional and highly crosslinked UHMWPE using a hybrid constitutive model. Biomaterials 24(8):1365–1380. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(02)00514-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Al-Hiddabi SA, Pervez T, Qamar SZ, Al-Jahwari FK, Marketz F, Al-Houqani S, van de Velden M (2015) Analytical model of elastomer seal performance in oil wells. Appl Math Model 39(10–11):2836–2848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2014.10.028

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  19. van der Varst PGTh, Kortsmit WG (1992) Notes on the lateral contraction of linear isotropic visco-elastic materials. Arch Appl Mech 62:338–346. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00788641

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  20. Tschoegl NW, Knauss WG, Emri I (2002) Poisson’s Ratio in Linear Viscoelasticity – A Critical Review. Mech Time-Depend Mat 6:3–51. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014411503170

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Ashrafi H, Shariyat M (2010) A mathematical approach for describing the time-dependent Poisson's ratio of viscoelastic ligaments mechanical characteristics of biological tissues. 17th ICBME 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICBME.2010.5705018

  22. O’Brien DJ, Sottos NR, White SR (2007) Cure-dependent Viscoelastic Poisson’s Ratio of Epoxy. Exp Mech 47:237–249. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-006-9013-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Tscharnuter D, Jerabek M, Major Z (2011) Time-dependent poisson’s ratio of polypropylene compounds for various strain histories. Mech Time-Depend Mater 15:15–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11043-010-9121-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Lu H, Zhang X, Knauss WG (1997) Uniaxial, Shear, and Poisson Relaxation and Their Conversion to Bulk Relaxation: Studies on Poly(Methy1 Methacrylate). Polymer Eng Sci 37(6):1053–1064. https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.11750

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Pandini S, Pegoretti A (2011) Time and temperature effects on Poisson’s ratio of poly(butylene terephthalate). Exp Polym Let 5(8):685–697. https://doi.org/10.3144/expresspolymlett.2011.67

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Pan B, Qian K, Xie H, Asundi A (2009) Two-dimensional digital image correlation for in-plane displacement and strain measurement: a review. Meas Sci Technol 20(6):062001. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/20/6/062001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Pascual-Francisco JB, Barragán-Pérez O, Susarrey-Huerta O, Michtchenko A, Martínez-García A, Farfán-Cabrera LI (2017) The effectiveness of shearography and digital image correlation for the study of creep in elastomers. Mater Res Express 4(11):115301. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/aa94ee

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Pritchard RH, Lava P, Debruyne D, Terentjev EM (2013) Precise determination of the Poisson ratio in soft materials with 2D digital image correlation. Soft Matter 9:6037–6045. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3SM50901J

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Li J, Dan X, Xu W, Wang Y, Yang G, Yang L (2017) 3D digital image correlation using single color camera pseudo-stereo system. Opt Laser Technol 95:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2017.03.030

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Pascual-Francisco JB, Farfan-Cabrera LI, Susarrey-Huerta O (2020) Characterization of tension set behavior of a silicone rubber at different loads and temperatures via digital image correlation. Polym Test 81:106226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2019.106226

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Frankovsky P, Virgala I, Hudak P, Kotska J (2013) The use the of digital image correlation in a strain analysis. Int J Appl Mech Eng 18(4):1283–1292. https://doi.org/10.2478/ijame-2013-0079

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Choi D, Thorpe JL, Hanna RB (1991) Image analysis to measure strain in wood and paper. Wood Sci Technol 25(4):251–262. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00225465

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Pan B, Xie H, Guo Z, Hua T (2009) Full-field strain measurement using a two-dimensional Savitzky-Golay digital differentiator in digital image correlation. Opt Eng 46:033601. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.2714926

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Ernst LJ, Zhang GQ, Jansen KMB, Bressers HJL (2003) Time- and Temperature-Dependent Thermo-Mechanical Modeling of a Packaging Molding Compound and its Effect on Packaging Process Stresses. ASME J Electron Packag 125(4):539–548. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1604156

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Flitney RK (2014) Seals and Sealing Handbook, 6th ed. Butterworth-Heinemann. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2012-0-03302-9

  36. Kuptsov AH, Zhizhin GN (1998) Handbook of Fourier Transform Raman and Infrared Spectra of Polymers, 1st edn. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  37. Molnár L, Huba A (2001) Measurement of dynamic properties of silicone rubbers. Period Polytech Mech Eng 45(1): 87–94. https://pp.bme.hu/me/article/view/1411

  38. Drozdov AD, Dorfmann A (2002) The effect of temperature on the viscoelastic response of rubbery polymers at finite strains. Acta Mech 154:189–214. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01170707

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  39. Jazouli S, Luo W, Brémand F (2006) Nonlinear creep behavior of viscoelastic polycarbonate. J Mater Sci 41:531–536. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-005-2276-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Grassia L, Amore AD, Simon SL (2010) On the Viscoelastic Poisson’s Ratio in Amorphous Polymers. J Rheol 54:1009–1022. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.3473811

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias , Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L, 64849, México

    L. I. Farfan-Cabrera

  2. Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca, Carretera Pachuca-Cd. Sahagún Km. 20, Ex-Hacienda de Santa Bárbara, C. P. 43830, Zempoala, Hidalgo, México

    J. B. Pascual-Francisco

Authors
  1. L. I. Farfan-Cabrera
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. J. B. Pascual-Francisco
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to J. B. Pascual-Francisco.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Farfan-Cabrera, L.I., Pascual-Francisco, J.B. An Experimental Methodological Approach for Obtaining Viscoelastic Poisson’s Ratio of Elastomers from Creep Strain DIC-Based Measurements. Exp Mech 62, 287–297 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-021-00792-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-021-00792-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation