Abstract
Nonlinear acoustic interactions at contact interfaces can be used to characterize defects or imperfect bonds at these interfaces. Most methods used to characterize nonlinear interactions consider only a portion of the nonlinear signature, such as nonlinearities caused by high-order harmonics or sidebands. We describe a signal processing algorithm that can extract three nonlinear indicators related to amplitude attenuation, phase shift, and harmonics. Two aluminum blocks were mounted together to form a contact interface and subjected to normal compressive loading. Experiments were conducted to investigate the nonlinear interactions between the ultrasonic waves and interfaces, with a focus on the influence of excitation levels, applied pressure, and surface roughness. The ultrasonic signals were then processed using the nonlinear feature extraction algorithm. We show that the nonlinear indicators can characterize the contact condition of interfaces, and that their sensitivities to pressure differ for interfaces of different roughness and over different pressure ranges.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Dwyer-Joyce RS (2005) The application of ultrasonic NDT techniques in tribology. J Eng Tribol 219(5):347–366
Anderson WB (2001) Development of a condition monitoring system for mechanical seals. Dissertation, Georgia Institute of Technology
Jhang KY (2009) Nonlinear ultrasonic techniques for non-destructive assessment of micro damage in material: a review. Int J Precis Eng Manuf 10(1):123–135
Van Den Abeele KE-A, Carmeliet J, Ten Cate JA, Johnson PA (2000) Nonlinear elastic wave spectroscopy (NEWS) techniques to discern material damage, Part II: Single-mode nonlinear resonance acoustic spectroscopy. Res Nondestruct Eval 12(1):31–42
Baltazar A, Rokhlin SI, Pecorari C (2002) On the relationship between ultrasonic and micromechanical properties of contacting rough surfaces. J Mech Phys Solids 50(7):1397–1416
Drinkwater BW, Dwyer-Joyce RS, Cawley P (1996) A study of the interaction between ultrasound and a partially contacting solid-solid interface. Proc R Soc London 452(1955):2613–2628
Abdel-Rahman EM, Nayfeh AH (2005) Contact force identification using the subharmonic resonance of a contact-mode atomic force microscopy. Nanotechnology 16(2):199–207
Ohara Y, Yamamoto S, Mihara T, Yamanaka K (2008) Ultrasonic evaluation of closed cracks using subharmonic phased array. Jpn J Appl Phys 47(5):3908–3915
Donskov D, Sutin A (1998) Vibro-acoustic modulation nondestructive evaluation technique. J Intell Mater Syst Struct 9:766–771
Kim JY, Yakovlev VA, Rokhlin SI (2004) Surface acoustic wave modulation on a partially closed fatigue crack. J Acoust Soc Am 115(5):1961–1971
Buck O, Morris WL, Richardson JM (1978) Acoustic harmonic generation at unbonded interfaces and fatigue cracks. Appl Phys Lett 33(5):371–373
Biwa S, Nakajima S, Ohno N (2004) On the acoustic nonlinearity of solid-solid contact with pressure-dependent interface stiffness. J Appl Mech 71(4):508–515
Bruno CLE, Gliozzi AS, Scalerandi M, Antonaci P (2009) Analysis of elastic nonlinearity using the scaling subtraction method. Phys Rev B 79:064108
Scalerandi M, Gliozzi AS, Bruno CLE, Masera D, Bocca P (2008) A scaling method to enhance detection of a nonlinear elastic response. Appl Phys Lett 92:101912
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos. 51075012 and 11272017) and the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (grant no. 1122005).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jiao, JP., Liu, WH., He, CF. et al. Nonlinear Acoustic Interaction of Contact Interfaces. Exp Mech 54, 63–68 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-012-9710-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-012-9710-5