Abstract
The nonlinear ultrasonic technique is known as a promising tool for monitoring material states related with micro-structural changes, with improved sensitivity compared to conventional nondestructive testing techniques. It is well known that degradation of material properties is generally accompanied by the increase of material nonlinearity. However, the trend has been rarely investigated in the opposite way for improved material properties. In this paper, nonlinear ultrasonic waves are used to assess the material condition of heat treated Inconel X-750 alloy based on the nonlinear acoustic parameters. Material property testing is conducted to compare the influence of heat treatment for comparison with the nonlinear parameter based prediction. The material properties of specimens are improved by applying heat treatment, with significant decreases in the acoustic nonlinearity. The better the mechanical property achieves via heat treatment, the smaller the acoustic nonlinearity becomes. It can be concluded that the nonlinear acoustic technique can be used to evaluate the effect of heat treatment nondestructively, and to optimize the process, thus providing another indication of the feasibility of using the nonlinear ultrasonic technique for material characterization.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Dace GE, Thompson PB, Brash LJH et al (1991) Nonlinear acoustics, a technique todetermine micro-structural changes in material. In: Thompson DO, Chimenti DE (eds) Review of progress in quantitative nondestructive evaluation. Plenum press, New York, pp 1685–1692
Cantrell JH (2003) Fundamentals and application of nonlinear ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation. In: Kundu T (ed) Ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation. CRC Press, Florida, pp 363–434
Cantrell JH, Yost WT (2001) Nonlinear ultrasonic characterization of fatigue microstructures. Int J Fatig 23:487–490
Nagy PB (1998) Fatigue damage assessment by nonlinear ultrasonic material characterization. Ultrasonics 36:375–381
Jhang KY (2000) Applications of nonlinear ultrasonics to the NDT of material degradation. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control 47:540–548
Li W, Cho Y, Achenbach JD (2012) Detection of thermal fatigue in composites by second harmonic Lamb waves. Smart Mater Struct 21:085019
Cantrell JH (2004) Sub-structural organization, dislocation plasticity and harmonic generation in cyclically stressed wavy slip metals. Proc R Soc Lond A460:757–780
Kim JY, Qu J, Jacobs LJ et al (2006) Acoustic nonlinearity parameter due to micro-plasticity. J Nondestruct Eval 25:28–36
Li W, Lee J, Cho Y (2010) Study of ultrasonic nonlinearity in heat treatment material. KSME 34:751–756
Li W, Cho Y, Hyun S (2012) Characteristics of ultrasonic nonlinearity by thermal fatigue. Int J Precis Eng Man 13:935–940
Floreen S, Nelson JL (1983) The effects of heat treatment and composition on the stress corrosion cracking resistance of Inconel alloy X-750. Met Trans 14:133–139
Ferreño D, Gorrochategui I, Sánchez L, Gutiérrez-Solana F (2004) Optimisation of heat treatment for improvement of IGSCC properties of an X-750 alloy. Eng Fail Anal 11:799–810
Norris AN (1998) Finite-amplitude waves in solids. In: Hamilton MF, Blackstocks DT (eds) Nonlinear acoustics. Academic, New York, pp 267–269
Achenbach JD (1975) Wave propagation in elastic solids. Elsevier, New York
Zinck AA, Krishnaswamy S (2010) Ultrasonic nonlinearity measurements on rolled polycrystalline copper. In: ThompsonD O, Chimenti DE (eds) Review of progress in quantitative nondestructive evaluation. Melville, New York, pp 1404–1409
Acknowledgement
This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRK) grant funded by the Korea government (MEST) (No. 2011-0020812). The authors would also like to express appreciation to professor S. Krishnaswamy and professor J. Qu at Northwestern University, in the U. S, for their invaluable technical advice.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, W., Cho, Y., Lee, J. et al. Assessment of Heat Treated Inconel X-750 Alloy by Nonlinear Ultrasonics. Exp Mech 53, 775–781 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-012-9681-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-012-9681-6