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Strength training and growth hormone: effects on bone of Wistar rats

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Abstract

Introduction

The use of growth hormone (GH) in several sports has also been observed, becoming a problem for antidoping control agencies in the high-performance sports environment. In addition, the use of this substance may pose a risk, expose users to potential health problems and bone alterations.

Objective

The objective of the present study was to verify the effects of muscular strength training and application of a GH protocol on mineral density, bone strength, and trabecular tissue.

Methods

40 Wistar rats, 60 days old, were used. The animals were divided into four groups: control (C), control and application of GH (GHC), muscular strength training (T), and muscular strength training with the application of GH (GHT). Animals of the GHC and GHT groups received administration of 0.2 IU/kg of GH prior to perform the T protocol. The animals of the T and GHT groups performed four series of 10 jumps, 3×/week, for 4/weeks. The values of bone mineral density (BMD), bone strength (F-max), and Micro Computed Tomography (MCT) were obtained.

Results

An increase in the BMD variable was observed in all experimental groups (C = 0.110 ± 0.005; GHC = 0.134 ± 0.05; T = 0.127 ± 0.004; GHT = 0.133 ± 0.008 g/cm2) (C vs GHT p < 0.05). No statistical difference was observed for the F-max variable. For MCT, all experimental groups presented an increase in the number of trabeculae (Tb.N) (C = 1.10 ± 0.22; GHC = 1.79 ± 0.07; T = 1.91 ± 0.04; GHT = 1.91 ± 0.09) (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

It was concluded that both GH and T were able to promote increases in BMD and Tb.N; however, no significant difference was observed for the F-max.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Brazilian Agency of Resources for Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) (Grant no. CAPES, 01-P-3369-2017) for supporting the development of this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, UNESP, Presidente Prudente, 19060-900, Brazil

    Robson Chacon Castoldi & José Carlos Silva Camargo Filho

  2. Department Orthopedic and Traumatology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, 13083-970, Brazil

    Robson Chacon Castoldi, Guilherme Akio Tamura Ozaki, Thiago Alves Garcia & William Dias Belangero

  3. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, UNOESTE, Presidente Prudente, 19.067-175, Brazil

    Ines Cristina Giometti

  4. Department of Animal Support, Production, and Health, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, UNESP, Araçatuba, 16050-680, Brazil

    Melise Jacon Peres Ueno & Fernanda Fernandes

  5. Department of Basic Sciences, Araçatuba Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, UNESP, Araçatuba, 16015-050, Brazil

    Melise Jacon Peres Ueno, Fernanda Fernandes & Rita Cássia Menegati Dornelles

  6. Catholic Salesian Auxilium University Centre, Araçatuba, 16016-500, Brazil

    Mario Jefferson Quirino Louzada

  7. Laboratório de Análise da Plasticidade Muscular, LAPMUS, UNESP/FCT, Campus de Presidente Prudente, Rua Roberto Simonsen, 305, Bairro: Centro Educacional, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazil

    Robson Chacon Castoldi

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  1. Robson Chacon Castoldi
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Correspondence to Robson Chacon Castoldi.

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The present study was approved by the local ethics committee, under approval number (CEUA-2626).

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All procedures performed in studies involving animals were in accordance with ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the Ethics Commission on Animal Use (CEUA- protocol number 2626/Brazil).

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Castoldi, R.C., Giometti, I.C., Ozaki, G.A.T. et al. Strength training and growth hormone: effects on bone of Wistar rats. Sport Sci Health 18, 137–145 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-021-00784-1

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