Abstract
Objective
This study was conducted to examine the effect of compound circular exercises on hematological variables and immune system of non-athlete female students.
Methods
A total of 100 non-athlete female students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences (with an average age of 22 ± 1.62 years, weight of 61.54 ± 8.84 kg, height of 164.1 ± 5.03 cm, systolic blood pressure of 12.31 ± 3.65 and diastolic blood pressure of 8.31 ± 2.02 mmHg), who were eligible to enter the study, were randomly selected from volunteer students. The exercise program consisted of resistance–endurance exercises through the circular method in one session. Hematological variables, including red blood cell (RBC), hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean hemoglobin, mean hemoglobin concentration, mean RBC volume, platelet volume, plasma volume, lymphocyte and neutrophils, were measured before, immediately and 24 h after exercise.
Results
ANOVA with repetitive measurements was used for data analysis and post hoc Bonferroni test was performed to study hematologic changes. The results indicated an insignificant increase in RBC, hematocrit and hemoglobin immediately after exercise and significant reduction 24 h after; moreover, lymphocyte and neutrophil percentages increased significantly immediately after exercise and decreased significantly 24 h after exercise (P ≤ 0.05); however, there were no significant differences in other variables either immediately or 24 h after exercise (P ≤ 0.05).
Conclusion
The results of this study indicated that one session of compound exercises with circular method could affect hematological variables; hence, compound programs of resistance and endurance exercises should be prescribed considering the intensity, duration and other circumstances of the exercise.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Widman G (2002) Human physiology, translators: Farrokh Shadan and Ebolhasan Hakimian, 10th edn, Payam Publication, Tehran, p 125
Tabarestani M (1998) Medical hematology. Mashhad Publishing Organization, Mashhad
Ronsen O, Pedersen BK, Oritsland TR, Bahr R, Kjeldsen-kragh J (2001) Leukocyte counts and lymphocyte responsiveness associated with repeated bouts of strenuous endurance exercise. J Appl Physiol 91:425–434
Cywinska A, Szarska E, Kowalska A, Ostaszewski P, Schollenberger A (2011) Gender differences in exercise–induced intravascular haemolysis during race training in thoroughbred horses. Res Vet Sci 90(1):133–137
Nasiri N, Mahbod ASA, Sharifi MJ (2012) Hematology and blood bank. Tehran Publishing Arjmand Book, Tehran, p 230
Gaeeni AA (2001) The effect of a maximum exercise activity on the response of hematologic factors of adolescent athletes and non-athletes. Olymp Games 20:23–31
Nieman DC, Henson DA, Astin MD, Brown VA (2005) Immune response to a 30-Minute walk. Med Sci Sports Exerc 37(1):57–62
Gleeson M (2007) Immune functions in sport and execise. J Appl Physiol 99(3):115–124
Ganbari Niaki A, Tayebi SM, Aliizadeh Gh, Ghaziani F, Hakimi J (2005) Effect of one session of circular resistance training on hematological changes in physical education students, Sport Sci Res 2:77–88
Havil F, Ibrahim K, Aslan Khani MA (2003) Effect of one-session aerobic exercise on blood immunity in young and adult athletes. Harekat Pub 17:25–43
Nemet D, Mills PJ, Cooper DM (2004) Effect of intense wrestling exercise on leucocytes and adhesion molecules in adolescent boys. Br J Sports Med 38:154–158
Ansley PJ, Blannin A, Gleeson M (2007) Elevated plasma interleukin-6 levels in trained male triathletes following an acute period of intense interval training. E J Appl Physiol 99(4):353–360
Simonson SR (2001) Immune response to resistance exercise. J Strength Cond Res 15(3):378–384
Wu HJ et al (2004) Effects of 24 h ultra-marathon on biochemical and hematological parameters. Word J Gastroenterol 18:2711–2714
Boyajiev N, Taralov Z (2000) Red blood cell variables in highly trained pubescent athletes: acomparative analysis. Br J Sports Med 34:200–204
Amir Sasan R, Sari Sarraf V (2001) Study of severe aerobic effect on RBC indices in male athletes. Harekat Pub 9:89–99
Ganbari Niaki A, Nejad A, Hakimi S, J (2006) The effect of three consecutive days of two-one miles running on hematological variables and oxygen consumption. Sport Sci Res 3:53–64
Natale VM, Brenner IK, Moldoveanu AI, Vasoliou P, Shek P, Shephard RJ (2003) Effect of three different types of exercise on blood leukocyte count during and following exercise. Sao Paulo Med J Rev Paul Med 121(1):9–14
İbiş S, Hazar S, Gökdemir K (2010) Aerobik ve anaerobik egzersizlerin hematoloji k parametrelere akut etkisi.Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi [Bağlantıda]. 7:1. Erişim. http://www.insanbilimleri.com
Rama LM, Minuzzi LG, Carvalho HM, Costa RJ, Teixeira AM (2016) Changes of hematological markers during a multi-stage ultra-marathon competition in the heat. Int J Sports Med 95(02):104–111
Jam AZ, Talab RH, Sheikh M, Torabi F, Rafie F (2018) The effect of 16 weeks gymnastic training on social skills and neuropsychiatric functions of autistic children. Sport Sci Health 14(1):209–214
Rafie F, Ghasemi A, Zamani AJ, Jalali S (2017) Effect of exercise intervention on the perceptual-motor skills in adolescents with autism. J Sports Med Phys Fit 57(1–2):53–59
Varlet-Marie E, Brun JF, Raynaud de Mauverger E, Fedou C (2016) Exercise-induced changes in hematocrit and hematocrit/viscosity ratio in male rugby players. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 64(4):817–826
Camacho-Cardenosa M, Camacho-Cardenosa A, Martínez IG, Marcos-Serrano M, Timon R, Olcina G (2017) A new dose of maximal-intensity interval training in hypoxia to improve body composition and hemoglobin and hematocrit levels: a pilot study. J Sports Med Phys Fit 57(1–2):60–69
Belviranli M, Okudan N, Kabak B (2017) The effects of acute high-intensity interval training on hematological parameters in sedentary subjects. Med Sci 5(3):15
Moore RJ et al (1993) Maintenance of iron status in healthy men during and extended period of stress and physical activity. Am J Clin Nutr 58(6):923–927
Passos GS, Poyares D, Santana MG, Teixeira AA, Lira FS, Youngstedt SD, Santos RV, Tufik S, De Mello MT (2014) Exercise improves immune function, antidepressive response, and sleep quality in patients with chronic primary insomnia. BioMed Res Int 2014:1–7
Starzak DE, Konkol KF, McKune AJ (2016) Twelve weeks of soccer-specific training: effects on mucosal immunity, salivary alpha-amylase and body composition in male African youths. Sport Sci Health 12(2):269–276
Borges L, Dermargos A, Gray S, Barros Silva MB, Santos V, Pithon-Curi TC, Gorjão R, Hatanaka E (2018) Neutrophil migration and adhesion molecule expression after acute high-intensity street dance exercise. J Immunol Res 2018:1–6
Escribano BM, Agüera EI, Vivo R, Santisteban R, Castejon FM, Rubio MD (2002) Benefits of moderate training to the nonspecific immune response of colts. Equine Vet J 34(S34):182–185
Suzuki K, Nakaji S, Yamada M, Liu Q, Kurakake S, Okamura N, Kumae T, Umeda T, Sugawara K (2003) Impact of a competitive marathon race on systemic cytokine and neutrophil responses. Med Sci Sports Exerc 35(2):348–355
Tenório TR, Balagopal PB, Andersen LB, Ritti-Dias RM, Hill JO, Lofrano-Prado MC, Prado WL (2018) Effect of low-versus high-intensity exercise training on biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in adolescents with obesity: a 6-month randomized exercise intervention study. Pediatr Exerc Sci 30(1):96–105
Mathes S, Mester J, Bloch W, Wahl P (2017) Impact of high-intensity and high-volume exercise on short-term perturbations in the circulating fraction of different cell types. J Sports Med Phys Fit 57(1–2):130–137
Jamurtas AZ, Fatouros IG, Deli CK, Georgakouli K, Poulios A, Draganidis D, Papanikolaou K, Tsimeas P, Chatzinikolaou A, Avloniti A, Tsiokanos A (2018) The effects of acute low-volume HIIT and aerobic exercise on leukocyte count and redox status. J Sports Sci Med 17(3):501
Bessa AL, Oliveira VN, Agostini GG, Oliveira RJ, Oliveira AC, White GE, Wells GD, Teixeira DN, Espindola FS (2016) Exercise intensity and recovery: biomarkers of injury, inflammation, and oxidative stress. J Strength Cond Res 30(2):311–319
Funding
This study was not funded.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
Informed consent
Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in this study.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Arabnejd, N., Pourranjbar, M. & Rafie, F. Effect of compound circular exercises on some of the blood parameters and immune system in non-athlete students. Sport Sci Health 15, 149–155 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-018-0504-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-018-0504-8