Summary
Patients with personality disorders cause a special challenge to the mental health care system. Contacts with these patients are often hampered by severe conflicts arising from major deficits in self-regulation and pathological patterns of interpersonally relating. Aetiology and pathogenesis of personality disorders are best described within a multifactor model appreciating both psychosocial and neurobiological influences. Psychodynamic models may still significantly contribute to the understanding of their level of intrapsychic and interpersonal adaptation. In the survey presented some selected psychoanalytic models will be outlined in respect of core psychodynamic features of severe personality disorders, a developmental perspective will be stressed. The survey especially refers to the contributions made by M. Klein, Kernberg, Kohut and Fonagy.
Zusammenfassung
Patienten, die an einer Persönlichkeitsstörung leiden, stellen in der psychiatrischen und psychotherapeutischen Versorgung eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Der Umgang mit ihnen gestaltet sich häufig konfliktreich. Sowohl gravierende Defizite der Selbstregulierung als auch pathologische Beziehungsstile liegen zugrunde. Ätiologie und Pathogenese von Persönlichkeitsstörungen werden vorteilhaft innerhalb eines multifaktoriellen Modells konzeptualisiert, in dem psychosoziale und neurobiologische Einflüsse gleichermaßen berücksichtigt werden. Psychodynamische Ansätze können nach wie vor einen wichtigen Einblick in das innerseelische und zwischenmenschliche Funktionsniveau dieser Patientengruppe vermitteln. In der vorliegenden Übersicht sollen ausgewählte psychoanalytische Modelle im Hinblick auf psychodynamische Kernmerkmale von schweren Persönlichkeitsstörungen in einer Entwicklungsperspektive dargestellt werden. Speziell wird der Beitrag von M. Klein, Kernberg, Kohut und Fonagy erörtert werden.
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Kapfhammer, HP. Zur Genese der Persönlichkeitsstörungen aus psychodynamischer Sicht. Psychiatrie 3, 96–111 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11326-007-0062-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11326-007-0062-1