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Circadian misalignment proxies, BMI, and chronic conditions: the role for weekday to weekend sleep differences

  • Psychiatrics • Original Article
  • Published:
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Abstract

Objective

To evaluate whether social jet lag (SJL) and weekend catch-up sleep (CUS), proxies of circadian misalignment, were associated with BMI and chronic conditions.

Methods

Participants (n = 2,050,18-65y) were part of a virtual cross-sectional and population-based research. We examined CUS and SJL as continuous and categorical (< 1 h,1–2 h, > 2 h). Linear regression analyses were performed to assess the differences in BMI (outcome) associated with CUS and SJL. Restricted cubic splines were performed to explore the shape of the relationship between weekday-to-weekend variability in sleep duration, midpoint, wake time, and bedtime. Logistic regression models were used to estimate ORs(95%CIs) for chronic conditions and overweight related to CUS and SJL. Analyses were adjusted for sleep duration, biological and behavior-related variables.

Results

We found a positive association of SJL and CUS with BMI. The effects remained even after adjustment for weekly sleep duration and demonstrated a proportional increase with the magnitude of sleep variability. Among participants with SJL > 2 h, BMI increased by 2.29 kg/m2 (95%CI:0.84;3.74,p:0.002). They also had 129% higher odds of chronic conditions (95%CI:1.16;4.52, p:0.01) and 119% higher odds of overweight (95%CI: 1.20;3.98,p:0.01). Individuals with CUS > 2 h presented 78% higher odds of overweight (95%CI:1.27;2.50,p:0.001) and an increase of 1.61 kg/m2 in BMI (95%CI: 0.81; 2.40,p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Our findings, which demonstrate that even a slight weekend sleep extension and variability of just 1 h is associated with higher values of BMI, suggest incorporating measures for sleep consistency and regularity into clinical protocols and public health guidelines to prevent and treat obesity and related diseases.

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Acknowledgements

Researchers from 'Chronobiology, Nutrition, and Health' for their valuable contributions to the development of Sonar-Brazil and the widespread dissemination of the research across the country.

Funding

This work was supported by ‘Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas—FAPEAL’ (Grant/Award Number: 60030.0000002539/2022). AP received a master's scholarship from FAPEAL and ML received a master's scholarship from ‘Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – CAPES’.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chronobiology, Nutrition, and Health, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro Do Martins, Maceió, AL, CEP 57072-900, Brazil

    Márcia de Oliveira Lima, Anny Kariny Pereira Pedrosa, Priscilla Márcia Bezerra de Oliveira, Risia Cristina Egito de Menezes & Giovana Longo-Silva

  2. Socio-Economic and Statistical Studies, Faculty of Economics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy

    Renan Serenini

Authors
  1. Márcia de Oliveira Lima
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Contributions

Márcia Lima: Conceptualization; Data curation; Formal analysis; Investigation; Methodology; Writing—original draft.

Anny Pedrosa: Data curation; Formal analysis; Investigation; Methodology; Validation; Visualization; Writing—review & editing.

Priscilla Oliveira: Data curation; Writing—review & editing.

Risia Menezes: Supervision; Writing—review & editing.

Renan Serenini: Data curation; Formal analysis; Investigation; Methodology; Validation; Visualization; Supervision; Writing—review & editing.

Giovana Longo-Silva: Conceptualization; Data curation; Formal analysis; Funding acquisition; Investigation; Methodology; Project administration; Supervision; Validation; Visualization; Writing—original draft.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Giovana Longo-Silva.

Ethics declarations

Ethical committee permission

All procedures performed in this study, involving human participants, were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. SONAR-Brazil Survey (‘SONAR: investigações cronobiológicas do sono, alimentação e nutrição’) has been approved by the Committee of Research Ethics of the Federal University of Alagoas (CAAE: 48689221.3.0000.5013).

Data visualization

Data described in the manuscript will be made available upon request pending [e.g., application and approval, payment, other].

Generative AI in scientific writing

The authors declare that Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies were not utilized in the writing process.

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de Oliveira Lima, M., Pedrosa, A.K.P., de Oliveira, P.M.B. et al. Circadian misalignment proxies, BMI, and chronic conditions: the role for weekday to weekend sleep differences. Sleep Breath (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-024-03027-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-024-03027-y

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