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The association between social jetlag and depression is independent of sleep debt

  • Neurology • Original Article
  • Published:
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Abstract

Objectives

To investigate whether the association between SJLsc (sleep-corrected social jetlag) and depressive mood is significant and independent of sleep debt.

Methods

Participants from the general adult population were interviewed using structured questionnaires on sleep duration, weekday/weekend sleep schedules, and depressive mood (Patient Health Questionnaire-9). Social jetlag (SJL) was measured by SJLsc and standard SJL (SJLs). SJLs was the absolute difference between mid-sleep time on free days (MSF) and workdays (MSW). For SJLsc, both MSF and MSW were adjusted for average sleep duration across the week according to the direction of sleep debt. Sleep debt was defined by sleep extension on free days. The association of SJL with depression was investigated, and covariates included age, sex, sociodemographic factors, insomnia symptoms, sleep duration, and sleep debt.

Results

A total of 1982 individuals (1089 men; age 43.1 ± 14.4 years) were analyzed. SJL was present in 24.6% measured by SJLsc and 51.0% by SJLs. SJLsc and SJLs were significantly associated with depressive mood (r = 0.06, P = 0.02; r = 0.06, P = 0.01, respectively), independent of sleep debt. Sleep debt was also associated with depression (r = 0.07, P < 0.01).

Conclusions

By adopting sleep-corrected formula for SJL, this study found that misaligned and insufficient sleep, at levels occurring in routine social life, can negatively affect mood. Minimizing social jetlag and sleep deprivation may promote individual psychological well-being.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Funding

This study was supported by grants from the Korean Neurological Association (KNA-10-MI-03), Republic of Korea.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College Medicine, Hwaseong, Republic of Korea

    Hee-Jin Im

  2. Department of Neurology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

    Min Kyung Chu

  3. Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea

    Kwang Ik Yang

  4. Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

    Won-Joo Kim

  5. Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 82 Gumi-ro, 173 Beon-gil, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13620, Republic of Korea

    Inha Hwang & Chang-Ho Yun

  6. Department of Neurology, Bucheon Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea

    Jee-Eun Yoon

  7. Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea

    Dana Oh

  8. Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA

    Robert J. Thomas

Authors
  1. Hee-Jin Im
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  2. Min Kyung Chu
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  4. Won-Joo Kim
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  7. Dana Oh
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  8. Robert J. Thomas
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  9. Chang-Ho Yun
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Contributions

Study design: C-H Yun. Data acquisition: MK Chu, KI Yang, WJ Kim, Hwang, and Dana Oh. Statistical analysis: H-J Im. Manuscript preparation and editing: H-J Im and C-H Yun. Manuscript revision/review: MK Chu, KI Yang, WJ Kim, RJ Thomas, JE Yoon, and C-H Yun. The corresponding author attests that all listed authors meet authorship criteria and that no other meeting authorship criteria have been omitted.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chang-Ho Yun.

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Ethics approval

This study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (approval no: B-1602-334-008).

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all participants.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

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Im, HJ., Chu, M.K., Yang, K.I. et al. The association between social jetlag and depression is independent of sleep debt. Sleep Breath 27, 2459–2467 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-023-02849-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-023-02849-6

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