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Effect of allergic rhinitis on sleep in children and the risk factors of an indoor environment

  • Sleep Breathing Physiology and Disorders • Original Article
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Abstract

Purpose

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an independent risk factor for sleep disorders in children, including abnormal sleep behaviors. We investigated the occurrence of abnormal sleep behaviors in children with AR to determine indoor environmental risk factors affecting sleep.

Methods

This case-control study collected the sleep status and characteristics of the indoor environment of children aged 3–14 years with and without AR using a questionnaire. The differences between the two groups were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test, chi-square test, and Fisher’s exact test. The indoor environmental factors affecting sleep behavior were analyzed using logistic regression analysis.

Results

Children with AR (n=427) had a higher probability of snoring (8.7 % vs. 2.9 %; P < 0.001), mouth breathing (14.1 % vs. 5.2 %; P < 0.001), restless sleep (6.6 % vs. 4.1 %; P = 0.047), sleep talking (3.3 % vs. 1.1 %; P = 0.003), and hyperhidrosis (16.4 % vs. 8.5 %; P < 0.001) than those without AR (n=1046). Emulsion wall paint (odds ratio (OR) = 2.779; 95 % confidence interval (CI), 1.332–5.796; P = 0.006) and tobacco exposure in early infancy (OR = 2.065; 95 % CI 1.079–3.950; P = 0.029) were associated with hyperhidrosis.

Conclusion

Children with AR are more likely to have abnormal sleep behaviors than those without, including snoring, mouth breathing, restless sleep, sleep talking, and hyperhidrosis. Emulsion paint wall and tobacco smoke exposure in early infancy had a twofold higher risk of hyperhidrosis during sleep.

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Availability of data and material

The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to data do not have consent from all patients to share their information online but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Code availability

Epidata Software v3.1 (Epidata Association, Odense, Denmark) and R program (version 3.6.2).

Abbreviations

AR:

allergic rhinitis

BMI:

body mass index

OSAS:

obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

OR:

odds ratio confidence interval

SDB:

sleep-disordered breathing

CI:

confidence interval

IgE:

immunoglobulin E

IQR:

interquartile range

VOCs:

volatile organic compounds

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the fund of the Medical Innovation Team of Jiangsu Province and Wuxi Municipal Bureau on Science and Technology. We would like to thank Editage (www.editage.cn) for English language editing.

Funding

This study was funded by the Medical Innovation Team of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. CXTDB 2017016). Wuxi Municipal Bureau on Science and Technology (Grant No. NZ2019026). The funding had support data collection, analysis, interpretation of the data, materials, labor service free, and the publication charges for this article. The funding did not include analysis tools.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatric Respiratory, The Affiliated Wuxi Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 299-1 at Qingyang Road, Liangxi District, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu Province, China

    Qian Wang, Yun Guo, Xiaoping Wu, Zhenzhen Pan, Shanshan Pan, Shiyao Xu, Qin Zhou, Jun Qian & Ling Li

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  1. Qian Wang
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  2. Yun Guo
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  3. Xiaoping Wu
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  4. Zhenzhen Pan
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  7. Qin Zhou
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  8. Jun Qian
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  9. Ling Li
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Contributions

L.L. and J.Q. designed and led the research. Q.W. drafted the work and led the writing of the paper. Y.G. revised the paper. X.P.W. and Z.Z.P. analyzed the participants’ data. S.S.P., S.Y.X., and Q.Z. gathered and organized the data. All authors contributed to the implementation of the study. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ling Li.

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Ethical approval was provided by the medical ethics committee of the Affiliated Wuxi Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (No. WXCH2016-11-002).

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Wang, Q., Guo, Y., Wu, X. et al. Effect of allergic rhinitis on sleep in children and the risk factors of an indoor environment. Sleep Breath 26, 1265–1275 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-021-02546-2

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