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Economic evaluation of CPAP therapy for obstructive sleep apnea: a scoping review and evidence map

  • Sleep Breathing Physiology and Disorders • Review
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Abstract

Purpose

To synthesize findings of economic evaluations investigating cost-effectiveness of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and of strategies of organization of care related to CPAP therapy.

Methods

Scoping review with searches conducted in MEDLINE, CRD, LILACS, and Embase in August 2020. Eligible studies were economic evaluations comparing CPAP to other alternative or assessing strategies of care for CPAP therapy. Results were presented narratively, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) were presented in evidence maps.

Results

Of 34 studies, 3 concluded that CPAP is less costly and more effective when compared to usual care. Most studies indicated that CPAP is associated with better health outcomes, but at higher prices. ICER ranged from USD 316 to 98,793 per quality-adjusted life years (QALY) gained (median 16,499; IQR 8267 to 33,119). One study concluded that CPAP is more costly and less effective, when treatment is applied to all patients, regardless of disease severity. Variability of ICER was mainly due to definition of population and applied time horizons. When CPAP was compared to mandibular advancement device, ICER ranged from USD 21,153 to 361,028 (median 89,671; IQR 26,829 to 295,983), which represents the investment in CPAP therapy required to obtain one extra QALY. Three studies assessed the effects of organizing CPAP therapy in primary care, which was cost-effective or cost-saving.

Conclusions

Compared to usual care, CPAP is cost-effective after the second year of treatment, when indicated for moderate-to-severe OSA. CPAP therapy may be even more cost-effective by using different strategies of organization of care. These findings may inform decision making related to CPAP reimbursement in health systems.

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Data availability

Relevant data is presented in Supplemental material.

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Acknowledgements

Authors are grateful to Beny Finkelstein, who kindly translated the study conducted by Fischer et al., originally published in German.

Funding

The authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Health Technology Assessment, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Rua Barata Ribeiro 142, São Paulo, 01308-000, Brazil

    Daniela V. Pachito & Ângela M. Bagattini

  2. Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil

    Luciano F. Drager

  3. Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil

    Alan L. Eckeli

  4. Cochrane Brazil, São Paulo, Brazil

    Aline Rocha

Authors
  1. Daniela V. Pachito
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  2. Ângela M. Bagattini
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  3. Luciano F. Drager
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  4. Alan L. Eckeli
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  5. Aline Rocha
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Contributions

DVP developed the study protocol. DVP and AR performed searches, screened references, and extracted data. DVP, AMB, and AR performed narrative synthesis and developed and revised the manuscript. ALE and LFD contributed to study design and revised the manuscript critically.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Daniela V. Pachito.

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DVP, ALE, and LFD have been developing consulting activities for ResMed Brasil. AMB and AR declare no potential conflict of interest.

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Pachito, D.V., Bagattini, Â.M., Drager, L.F. et al. Economic evaluation of CPAP therapy for obstructive sleep apnea: a scoping review and evidence map. Sleep Breath 26, 17–30 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-021-02362-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-021-02362-8

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