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The effect of acetazolamide on the improvement of central apnea caused by abusing opioid drugs in the clinical trial

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Abstract

Purpose

Acetazolamide is utilized as a treatment which falls effective in treating some type of CSA. Hence, it might be effective as far as opium addicts who suffer from CSA are concerned.

Materials and method

The current study was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study (clinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02371473). The whole procedures were identical for both placebo and acetazolamide phases of clinical research. There were 14 CSA more than 5/h and more than 50% of apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Out of these 14 patients, 10 volunteered to participate in the study. Fast Fourier transformation was used to separate heart rate variability (HRV) into its component VLF (very low frequency band), LF (low frequency band), and HF (high frequency band) rhythms that operate within different frequency ranges.

Result

There are significant results in terms of decreased mix apnea and central apnea together due to acetazolamide compared with placebo (P < 0.023). Time of SatO2 < 90% is decreased as well (P < 0.1). There is also decrease of SDNN and NN50 after treatment with acetazolamide respectively (P < 0.001). Regarding fast Fourier transformation, there is increase of pHF and decrease of pLF after acetazolamide treatment (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Acetazolamide seems to be effective in improving oxygenation and a decrease of mixed and central apnea events together. In HRV analysis section, LF power has decreased significantly, which may more likely improve prognosis of the patients.

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Acknowledgements

This article is supported by the National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, and Dr. Masih Daneshvari Hospital.

Funding

No external funding (only National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, and Dr. Masih Daneshvari Hospital have supported the study).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiologic Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 19575-154, Tehran, 19569-44413, Iran

    Parisa Adimi Naghan

  2. School of Electrical Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Khadijeh Raeisi & Maryam Mohebbi

  3. Research Center for Health Management in Mass Gathering, Red Crescent Society of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran, Iran

    Batoul Khoundabi

  4. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA

    Moein Foroughi

  5. Tracheal Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Majid Malekmohammad

  6. Department of Internal Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

    Alireza Bagheri

  7. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

    Fanak Fahimi

Authors
  1. Parisa Adimi Naghan
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  2. Khadijeh Raeisi
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  3. Batoul Khoundabi
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  4. Moein Foroughi
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  5. Majid Malekmohammad
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  6. Maryam Mohebbi
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  7. Alireza Bagheri
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  8. Fanak Fahimi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Parisa Adimi Naghan.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. They have allowed us to prescribe Acetazolamide and Placebo during study.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethics committee of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02371473).

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Naghan, P.A., Raeisi, K., Khoundabi, B. et al. The effect of acetazolamide on the improvement of central apnea caused by abusing opioid drugs in the clinical trial. Sleep Breath 24, 1417–1425 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-019-01968-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-019-01968-3

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