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Nightmares and oxygen desaturations: is sleep apnea related to heightened nightmare frequency?

Sleep and Breathing volume 10, pages 203–209 (2006)Cite this article

Abstract

In the 19th century, several authors held the view that nightmares are caused by oxygen shortage. The present study was designed to study nightmare frequency in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and its relationship to respiratory parameters. A brief questionnaire was administered to 323 patients with sleep apnea syndrome before their first laboratory night. The reduction in nightmare frequency in the sleep apnea group was explained by the reduced dream recall frequency. Despite some illustrative examples of a correlation between oxygen desaturation and dream content, the respiratory parameters as measures of sleep apnea syndrome severity did not correlate substantially with nightmare frequency. Psychiatric comorbidity and an intake of psychotropic medication were associated with heightened nightmare frequency in this sample. It must be concluded that the oxygen hypothesis did not play a major role in explaining the occurrence of nightmares. As this might be partly explained by adaptation to the nightly desaturation periods, it will be fruitful to apply experimental procedures that interrupt airflow during (rapid eye movement) REM sleep for short periods in a systematic way without the knowledge of the sleeper and to then study their effects on dream content. Some patients reported a correlation between daytime stressors and nightmares, which is in line with modern etiological models of nightmares.

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Author information

Affiliations

  1. Sleep Laboratory, Central Institute of Mental Health, P.O. Box 12 21 20, 68072, Mannheim, Germany

    Michael Schredl & Janina Haaf

  2. Theresienkrankenhaus, Mannheim, Germany

    Judith Schmitt

  3. Universitätsklinik für HNO-Heilkunde, Mannheim, Germany

    Gerhard Hein

  4. Pfalzklinikum, Klingenmünster, Germany

    Tina Schmoll

  5. Klinik Schillerhöhe, Gerlingen, Germany

    Sabine Eller

Authors
  1. Michael Schredl
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  2. Judith Schmitt
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  3. Gerhard Hein
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  4. Tina Schmoll
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  5. Sabine Eller
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  6. Janina Haaf
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael Schredl.

Additional information

The authors are members of the AG Traum of the German Sleep Society (DGSM).

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Schredl, M., Schmitt, J., Hein, G. et al. Nightmares and oxygen desaturations: is sleep apnea related to heightened nightmare frequency?. Sleep Breath 10, 203–209 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-006-0076-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-006-0076-8

Keywords

  • Sleep apnea syndrome
  • Nightmares
  • Oxygen desaturation
  • Dream recall frequency
  • Psychiatric comorbidity
  • Psychotropic medication
  • Dream content