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Metabolomics for exposure assessment and toxicity effects of occupational pollutants: current status and future perspectives

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Abstract

Introduction

Work-related exposures to harmful agents or factors are associated with an increase in incidence of occupational diseases. These exposures often represent a complex mixture of different stressors, challenging the ability to delineate the mechanisms and risk factors underlying exposure-disease relationships. The use of omics measurement approaches that enable characterization of biological marker patterns provide internal indicators of molecular alterations, which could be used to identify bioeffects following exposure to a toxicant. Metabolomics is the comprehensive analysis of small molecule present in biological samples, and allows identification of potential modes of action and altered pathways by systematic measurement of metabolites.

Objectives

The aim of this study is to review the application of metabolomics studies for use in occupational health, with a focus on applying metabolomics for exposure monitoring and its relationship to occupational diseases.

Methods

PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Scopus electronic databases were systematically searched for relevant studies published up to 2021.

Results

Most of reviewed studies included worker populations exposed to heavy metals such as As, Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Mn and organic compounds such as tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, trichloroethylene, polyfluoroalkyl, acrylamide, polyvinyl chloride. Occupational exposures were associated with changes in metabolites and pathways, and provided novel insight into the relationship between exposure and disease outcomes. The reviewed studies demonstrate that metabolomics provides a powerful ability to identify metabolic phenotypes and bioeffect of occupational exposures.

Conclusion

Continued application to worker populations has the potential to enable characterization of thousands of chemical signals in biological samples, which could lead to discovery of new biomarkers of exposure for chemicals, identify possible toxicological mechanisms, and improved understanding of biological effects increasing disease risk associated with occupational exposure.

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Funding

This work was financially supported by Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Grant (Grant No. 20829). The manuscript has been approved by the ethics committee of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (Ethical ID: IR.SUMS.REC.1399.695).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

    Fatemeh Dehghani

  2. Research Center for Health Sciences, Research Institute for Health, Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Health Shiraz, University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

    Fatemeh Dehghani & Saeed Yousefinejad

  3. Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA

    Douglas I. Walker

  4. Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

    Fariborz Omidi

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  1. Fatemeh Dehghani
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SY proposed the idea for the article, designed the work and revised the article. FD prepared the original draft of manuscript and screened the included articles. DIW prepared some sections, revised the manuscript and commented for improving the work. FO performed the literature search and data analysis. All the authors approved the final version of manuscript.

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Dehghani, F., Yousefinejad, S., Walker, D.I. et al. Metabolomics for exposure assessment and toxicity effects of occupational pollutants: current status and future perspectives. Metabolomics 18, 73 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-022-01930-7

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