Abstract
Background
Dietary patterns low in glycemic load are associated with reduced risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Improvements in serum lipid concentrations may play a role in these observed associations.
Objective
We investigated how dietary patterns differing in glycemic load affect clinical lipid panel measures and plasma lipidomics profiles.
Methods
In a crossover, controlled feeding study, 80 healthy participants (n = 40 men, n = 40 women), 18–45 y were randomized to receive low-glycemic load (LGL) or high glycemic load (HGL) diets for 28 days each with at least a 28-day washout period between controlled diets. Fasting plasma samples were collected at baseline and end of each diet period. Lipids on a clinical panel including total-, VLDL-, LDL-, and HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides were measured using an auto-analyzer. Lipidomics analysis using mass-spectrometry provided the concentrations of 863 species. Linear mixed models and lipid ontology enrichment analysis were implemented.
Results
Lipids from the clinical panel were not significantly different between diets. Univariate analysis showed that 67 species on the lipidomics panel, predominantly in the triacylglycerol class, were higher after the LGL diet compared to the HGL (FDR < 0.05). Three species with FA 17:0 were lower after LGL diet with enrichment analysis (FDR < 0.05).
Conclusion
In the context of controlled eucaloric diets with similar macronutrient distribution, these results suggest that there are relative shifts in lipid species, but the overall pool does not change. Further studies are needed to better understand in which compartment the different lipid species are transported in blood, and how these shifts are related to health outcomes.
This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00622661.
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Data availability
The metabolomics and metadata reported in this paper are available via Metabolomics Workbench https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__dev.metabolomicsworkbench.org-3A22222_data_DRCCMetadata.php-3FMode-3DStudy-26StudyID-3DST001490&d=DwIBAw&c=eRAMFD45gAfqt84VtBcfhQ&r=ENpGlvulH72pNljKkPkqiLw7a7Z1S3UQZNtWxF0FTd8&m=vjigzuaYTNhcif5QDN6gbHyEwS21XxZ7cQEQI5CsezI&s=rwJZVDtnPOFH7vLoc31YhHPGEiQPL8MqtnxrGgHXXkE&e = with Study ID: ST001490.
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This work was supported by grants U54 CA116847, R01 CA192222, P30 CA015704, U54 CA015704, 2T32 CA009168-41, R01GM114029, and S10 OD021562.
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SLN, AS, TWR, MAH, MK, MLN, PDL, DR and JWL: designed the study; LFB, CL, and DR: analyzed the specimens; SDM, SLN, AS, TWR, DR, and JWL analyzed the data; SDM, SLN, MK, and JWL: wrote the article; AS, TWR, MAH, MLN, PDL, DR: provided critical review; SDM, SLN, and JWL: had primary responsibility for final content; all authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
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S. Dibay Moghadam, S. L. Navarro, A. Shojaie, T. W. Randolph, L. F. Bettcher, C. Le, M. A. Hullar, M. Kratz, M. L. Neuhouser, P. D. Lampe, D. Raftery, J. W. Lampe no conflicts of interest.
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Dibay Moghadam, S., Navarro, S.L., Shojaie, A. et al. Plasma lipidomic profiles after a low and high glycemic load dietary pattern in a randomized controlled crossover feeding study. Metabolomics 16, 121 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-020-01746-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-020-01746-3