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High-resolution mass spectrometry metabolomics of grape chemical markers to reveal use of not-allowed varieties in the production of Amarone and Recioto wines

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Abstract

Introduction

Grape varieties allowed to produce Amarone della Valpolicella and Recioto DOCG wines are strictly regulated by their disciplinary of production. These are Corvina Veronese and Corvinone grapes, to a lesser extent also Rondinella can be used. The use of other varieties, is not allowed.

Objectives

To identify chemical markers suitable to reveal addition of two not allowed grape varieties to the Corvina/Corvinone blend, such as Primitivo or Negro Amaro.

Methods

The identification of the secondary metabolites of the four grape varieties was conducted by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) metabolomics. By using the signals of these metabolites the indexes able to identify the presence of Primitivo or Negro Amaro grapes in the Corvina/Corvinone 1:1 blend were calculated.

Results

Indexes of laricitrin (Lr), delphinidin (Dp), and petunidin (Pt) signals were effective to identify the use of 10% Primitivo, while α-terpineol pentosyl-hexoside and linalool pentosyl-hexoside reveal the presence of Negro Amaro in the grape blend.

Conclusions

Varietal markers useful to detect the presence of Primitivo and Negro Amaro in the grape blend were identified by HRMS metabolomics, a method suitable to check the identity of grapes on arrival at the winery, as well as the fermenting musts. The effectiveness of the identified markers in the final wines have to be confirmed. Potentially, a similar approach can be used to reveal analogous frauds performed on other high-quality wines.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the Project Support tools for risk assessment in the agro-food chain, Ministero delle Politiche Agricole Alimentari e Forestali (DD.MM. n. 24267 17/11/2010, n. 13973 16/05/2012, n. 23790 12/11/2013, n. 24091 16/12/15).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Council for Agricultural Research and Economics – Viticulture & Enology (CREA-VE), Viale XXVIII aprile 26, 31015, Conegliano, TV, Italy

    Mirko De Rosso, Giordano Girardi, Antonio Dalla Vedova & Riccardo Flamini

  2. Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNE), University of Padova, Legnaro, PD, Italy

    Christine M. Mayr

Authors
  1. Mirko De Rosso
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  2. Christine M. Mayr
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  3. Giordano Girardi
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  4. Antonio Dalla Vedova
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  5. Riccardo Flamini
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Contributions

MDR performed the analyses and data acquisition. CMM performed the data interpretation, data analysis and wrote the paper. GG and ADV performed the experiments. RF conceived and designed the experiment and wrote the paper.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Riccardo Flamini.

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Meta data and metabolite profiles associated with the research are available through the EBI MetaboLights database under the following accession number: MTBLS732.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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De Rosso, M., Mayr, C.M., Girardi, G. et al. High-resolution mass spectrometry metabolomics of grape chemical markers to reveal use of not-allowed varieties in the production of Amarone and Recioto wines. Metabolomics 14, 124 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-018-1415-z

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