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GC/MS-based urinary metabolomics reveals systematic differences in metabolism and ethanol response between Sprague–Dawley and Wistar rats

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Abstract

Metabolic differences of experimental animals contribute to pharmacological variations. Sprague–Dawley (SD) and Wistar rats are commonly used experimental rats with similar genetic background, and considered interchangeable in practical researches. In this study, we present the urinary metabolomics results, based on gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS), which reveal the systematic metabolic differences between SD and Wistar rats under different perturbations such as fasting, feeding, and consecutive acute ethanol interventions. The different metabotypes between the two strains of rats involve a number of metabolic pathways and symbiotic gut microflora. SD rats exhibited higher individualized metabolic variations in the fasting and feeding states, and a stronger ability to recover from an altered metabolic profile with less hepatic injury from the consecutive ethanol exposure, as compared to Wistar rats. In summary, the GC/MS-based urinary metabolomics studies demonstrated an intrinsic metabolic difference between SD and Wistar rats, which warrants consideration in experimental design using these animal strains.

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Abbreviations

ALT:

Alanine aminotransferase

AST:

Aspartate aminotransferase

GC/MS:

Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry

GSH-PX:

Glutathione peroxidase

IS:

Internal standard

LDH:

Lactate dehydrogenase

LPO:

Lipid peroxidation

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

OPLS–DA:

Orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis

PCA:

Principal component analysis

SD rats:

Sprague–Dawley rats

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

UV:

Unite variance

VIP:

Variable influence on projection

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Acknowledgments

This work was financially supported by the projects of Shanghai Commission of Science and Technology (07DZ19715), and National comprehensive technology platforms for innovative drug R&D (2009ZX09301-007) and E-institutes of Shanghai Municipal Education Comminssion, Project Number: E03008, 09YZ119.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Xianfu Gao, Aihua Zhao & Jingchao Lin

  2. Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China

    Xianfu Gao

  3. Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China

    Mingmei Zhou

  4. Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina, 28081, USA

    Yunping Qiu & Wei Jia

  5. David H. Murdock Research Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina, 28081, USA

    Mingming Su

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  1. Xianfu Gao
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  2. Aihua Zhao
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  3. Mingmei Zhou
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  4. Jingchao Lin
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  5. Yunping Qiu
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  7. Wei Jia
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Correspondence to Aihua Zhao.

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Gao, X., Zhao, A., Zhou, M. et al. GC/MS-based urinary metabolomics reveals systematic differences in metabolism and ethanol response between Sprague–Dawley and Wistar rats. Metabolomics 7, 363–374 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-010-0252-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-010-0252-5

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