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Cutaneous melanoma and purinergic modulation by phenolic compounds

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Abstract

Cutaneous melanoma is a complex pathology that still has only treatments that lack efficiency and offer many adverse effects. Due to this scenario emerges the need to analyze other possible treatments against this disease, such as the effect of phenolic compounds. These substances have proven antitumor effects, but still have not been fully explored as a form of therapy to combat melanoma. Also, the purinergic receptors, along with its system molecules, take part in the formation of tumors from many pathways, such as the actions of ectoenzymes and receptors activity, especially P2Rs family, and are formed by structures that can be modulated by the phenolic compounds. Therefore, more studies have to be made with the aim of explaining the purinergic system activity in carcinogenesis of cutaneous melanoma and the effects of its modulation by phenolic compound, in order to enable the development of new therapies to combat this aggressive and feared cancer.

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Abbreviations

Ado :

Adenosine

ADP :

Adenosine diphosphate

AMP :

Adenosine monophosphate

ATP :

Adenosine triphosphate

Ang-2 :

Angiopoietin-2

CA :

Caffeic acid

CM :

Cutaneous melanoma

COX-2 :

Cyclooxygenase 2

Enos :

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase

EMT :

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition

bFGF :

Fibroblastic growth factor

HB-EGF :

Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor

HBV :

Hepatitis B virus

HBx :

Hepatitis B x protein

HIF :

Hypoxia induction factor

ELISA :

Immunoenzymatic assay

IME :

Inflammatory microenvironment

IFN :

Interferon

IL :

Interleukin

M-CSF :

Macrophage colony-stimulating factor

MDI :

Macrophage colony-stimulating factor, dexamethasone, and IL-4

mRNA :

Messenger RNA

miRNAs :

MicroRNAs

MEK :

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase

BRAF :

Murine Viral Sarcoma

NK :

Natural killer

NRas :

Neuroblastoma Viral Oncogene

PDGF :

Platelet-derived growth factor

P2R :

P2 receptors

P2XR :

P2X receptors

P2X7R :

P2X7 receptor

P2YR :

P2Y receptors

P2Y11R :

P2Y11 receptor

P2Y12R :

P2Y12 receptor

ROS :

Reactive oxygen species

RTK :

Receptor tyrosine kinase

RA :

Rosmarinic acid

Th17 :

T helper lymphocytes type 17

Treg :

T regulator lymphocytes

TGF :

Transforming growth factor

TILs :

Tumor infiltrating in T cells

TME :

Tumor microenvironment

TNF :

Tumor necrosis factor

UDP :

Uridine diphosphate

UTP :

Uridine triphosphate

UV :

Ultraviolet

VEGF :

Vascular endothelial growth factor

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Acknowledgements

GCB is grateful to the Federal University of Fronteira Sul for the research grant that promotes the production of this and other publications. All figures were made with Biorender.

Funding

MDB acknowledges grant support from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (CNPq proj. No 404256/2021–0 and 310606/2021–7).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medical School, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil

    Geórgia de Carvalho Braga, João Victor Coiado, Vitória Capelli de Melo & Brenno Bianchoni Loureiro

  2. Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil

    Margarete Dulce Bagatini

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Contributions

GCB had the idea for the article. GCB, JVC, VCM, BBL, and MDB performed the literature search and data analysis, drafted, and critically revised the work.

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Correspondence to Margarete Dulce Bagatini.

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Highlights

• Cutaneous melanoma is one of the types of cancer with higher rates of migration and development, resulting in low survival rates.

• Cutaneous melanoma has only a few options of treatment, being most of them not effective enough to combat the disease and with many adverse effects.

• The purinergic system and its molecules influence in the development of cutaneous melanoma.

• Phenolic compound therapy has demonstrated effective results against carcinogenic processes in researches.

• Phenolic compounds are able to modulate purinoreceptors.

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de Carvalho Braga, G., Coiado, J.V., de Melo, V.C. et al. Cutaneous melanoma and purinergic modulation by phenolic compounds. Purinergic Signalling (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11302-024-10002-5

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