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Characterizing the genetic diversity of Atlas cedar and phylogeny of Mediterranean Cedrus species with a new multiplex of 16 SSR markers

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Abstract

Cedar is an emblematic Mediterranean forest tree. Genetic research activities on Mediterranean Cedrus species are progressively developed in relation to conservation, restoration, and exploitation plans of these forest tree species. However, currently available molecular biology tools supporting genetic research in these fields are still scarce and have a limited genetic resolution potential. We developed a new set of 12 nuclear microsatellite markers (nSSRs) on Cedrus atlantica that we combined with four previously developed ones in three multiplexes. We checked their monogenic inheritance in controlled crosses. We used a collection of 131 samples from six populations of C. atlantica to estimate null allele frequencies and probability of identity and to characterize the structure of genetic diversity in the fragmented distribution range of this species. We also tested the transferability of the markers to another set of 36 samples from the other Mediterranean Cedrus species and performed a phylogenetic analysis. The three multiplexes reached a high level of resolution potential that we used to evaluate sampling quality. Null allele frequency estimates showed no specific pattern across populations or across species and did not affect the results of biogeographic and phylogenic analyses. Our results reveal a very clear geographical genetic structure within C. atlantica, and the phylogenic tree matched previous analyses based on other markers. Our results confirm the potential interest of these nSSR multiplexes for genotyping in Cedrus.

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Acknowledgments

We thank colleagues from INRA UEFM Avignon who performed the controlled crosses and take care of the collections in the field.

Funding

This work was funded by the Franco Portuguese EXPANDTREE project (ANR-13-ISV7-0003-01) and by INRA AIP Bioressources Ecomicro.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. INRA, UR 629, Ecology of Mediterranean Forests (URFM), Avignon, France

    Marie-Joe Karam, Anne Roig, Audrey Bile, Bruno Fady & François Lefèvre

  2. University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 8198, Evo-Eco-Paleo, Lille, France

    Marie-Joe Karam

  3. Saint Joseph University, Faculty of Science, Genome Characterization of Plants, Beirut, Lebanon

    Monique Aouad & Magda Bou Dagher-Kharrat

  4. INRA, UR 546, Biostatistics and Spatial Processes (BioSP), Avignon, France

    Etienne K. Klein

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  1. Marie-Joe Karam
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Correspondence to François Lefèvre.

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Karam, MJ., Aouad, M., Roig, A. et al. Characterizing the genetic diversity of Atlas cedar and phylogeny of Mediterranean Cedrus species with a new multiplex of 16 SSR markers. Tree Genetics & Genomes 15, 60 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-019-1366-1

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